Transcript chapter 8 - Chicano 7

THE FOUNDING INDIAN FATHERS
EUROPEANS COME TO
AMERICA
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WHEN EUROPEANS ARRIVED TO
AMERICA THEY KNEW LITTLE ABOUT
DEMOCRACY
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THE ENGLISH, SPANISH, AND FRENCH CAME
FROM NATIONS RULED BY MONARCHS WHO
CLAIMED THEY HAD A DIVINE-RIGHT TO
RULE
COLONISTS FLED EUROPE TO COME TO
AMERICA BECAUSE THEY WERE OPRESSED &
EXPLOITED
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EVEN THOUGH PHILOSOPHERS IN
EUROPE SKETCHED IDEAL
GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEMS, THE OLD
WORLD OFFERED FEW DEMOCRATIC
MODELS FOR GOVERNMENT.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
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HE WAS THE FIRST TO TAKE THE IROQUOIS
SYSTEM AS A POTENTIAL MODEL FOR THE
NEW GOVERNMENT
HE BECAME ACQUAINTED WITH THE
OPERATION OF INDIAN POLITICAL
ORGANIZATION AND STUDIED THEIR CULTURE
AND INSTITUTIONS
HE ADVOCATED FOR AMERICANS TO USE THE
IROQUOIS POLITICAL STRUCTURE FOR THEIR
NEW GOVERNMENT
FOUNDING THE UNITED STATES
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THE FOUNDING FATHERS OF THE UNITED
STATES PUT TOGETHER A UNIQUE FORM OF
GOVERNMENT BY TAKING IDEAS AND PIECES
FROM DIFFERENT SYSTEMS THAT EXISTED
AROUND THE WORLD.
THE FIRST GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED
STATES “THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION”
PROVED UNSUCCESSFUL BECAUSE IT LACK “A
FEDERAL” SYSTEM.
THE ARTICLES OF
CONFEREDARTION
RATIFIED IN 1781
 UNITED STATES FIRST CONSTITUTION
 IT PROPOSED A CONFEDERATION, OR ALLIANCE OF INDEPENDENT
STATES
 THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CONFEDERATION WAS TO BE
COMPOSED OF A CONGRESS
 WEAK CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, NO CHIEF EXECUTIVE
 THE STATES HAD MORE POWER THEN THE CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT
 IT DIDN’T HAVE A NATIONAL COURT SYSTEM
THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WERE REPLACED IN 1878 BY THE
NEW CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATE, WHICH PROVEN TO
BE A SUCCESSFUL FORM OF GOVERNMENT SINCE IT HAS BEEN IN
EXISTENCE FOR MORE THAN TWO HUNDRED YEARS
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FEDERALISM
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THE FIRST PERSON TO PROPOSE A
UNION OF ALL THE COLONIES AND TO
PROPOSE A FEDERAL MODEL WAS THE
IROQUOIS CHIEF CANASSATEGO
HE PROPOSED FOR THE COLONIES TO
UNIFY THEMSELVES AND EVEN TAUGHT
THEM HOW TO DO IT.
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THE IROQUOIS HAD A MODEL OF SEVERAL SOVEREIGN
UNITS UNITED INTO A ONE GOVERNMENT. THIS
MODEL PRESENTED THE SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
COMFRONTING THE WRITERS OF THE UNITED STATES
CONSTITUTION
TODAY, THIS IS CALLED FEDERAL SYSTEM, IN WHICH
EACH STATE RETAINS POWER OVER INTERNATIONAL
AFFAIRS AND THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
REGULATES AFFAIRS COMMON TO ALL
THE INDIANS INVENTED FEDERALISM BUT THE UNITED
STATED PATENTED IT
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THE AMERICANS FOLLOWED THE MODEL OF
THE IROQUOIS LEAGUE NOT ONLY IN BROAD
OUTLINE BUT ALSO IN THE SPECIFIC
PROVISION OF THEIR KAIANEREKOWA
MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, AND OTHER OFFICIALS
COULD NOT ACT AS MILITARY LEADERS WITHOUT
GIVING UP THEIR ELECTED OFFICE
 THE AMERICANS ADAPTED THE PROVISION OF
IMPEACHING THEIR LEADERS
(THESE CONTRASTED WITH THE EUROPEAN
TRADITIONS)
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THE NEW CONSTITUTION
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ADOPTED IN 1787
THE CONSTITUTION CONSIST OF THREE PARTS
I- THE GOVERNMENT (3 BRANCHES)
1.LEGISLATIVE-CONGRESS/BICAMERA
SENATE/HOUSE OF REP.
2. EXECUTIVE-CABINET
PRESIDENT
3. JUDICIAL
SUPREME COURT
II- BILL OF RIGHTS
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AMENDMENTS 1-10
PROTECT THE RIGHT OF CITIZENS
III- THE OTHER AMENDMENTS
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11 – 27
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE
UNITED STATES
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THE FEDERAL SYSTEM CREATED BY THE
CONSTITUTION DELEGATED SOME POWERS TO
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND RESERVED
OTHERS TO THE STATE
SOME POWERS WERE TO BE CONCURRENT, OR
SHARED BY BOTH THE STATES AND THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
IN THE TWO CENTURIES SINCE THE
CONSTITUTION WENT INTO EFFECT, SOME
ASPECTS OF THE SYSTEM HAVE CHANGED, BUT
THE SYSTEM PRESERVES THE GENERAL
FEATURES OF THE LEAGUE OF IROQUOIS
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PROCEEDINGS IN THE UNITED STATES SENATE
DO NOT PERMIT THE USE OF NAMES, INSTEAD
THE SENATOR MUST BE ADDRESSED BY THEIR
OFFICE TITLE
THE PRACTICE OF ONLY ALLOWING ONE
PERSON TO SPEAK AT A TIME IN A POLITICAL
MEETING. THE IROQUOIS PERMITTED NO
INTERRUPTIONS OR SHOUTING. THEY EVEN
IMPOSED A PERIOD OF SILENCE AT THE END
OF EACH ORATION.
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“AMERICAN DEMOCRACY OWES IT’S
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER OF DEBATE AND
COMPROMISE TO THE PRINCIPLES AND
STRUCTURES OF AMERICAN INDIAN CIVIL
GOVERNMENT” (BURTON, 5)
BECAUSE OF MEN SUCH AS THOMAS PAINE,
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, CHARLES THOMSON,
THOMAS JEFFERSON, AND GEORGE
WASHINGTON, WE TODAY KNOW A GREAT
DEAL ABOUT THE LEAGUE OR IROQUOIS AND
SOME OF THE OTHER INDIAN GROUPS.
THE LEAGUE OF IROQUOIS
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THE LEAGUE OF IROQUOIS INFLUENCED
MANY POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
THROUGHOUT MEXICO, CENTRAL
AMERICA, AND SOUTH AMERICA
IN ALMOST EVERY NORTH AMERICAN
TRIBE, THE SUPREME AUTHORITY
RESTED IN THE GROUP RATHER THAN
THE INDIVIDUAL
THE CAUCUS
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ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS BORROWED
FROM THE INDIANS WAS THE CAUCUS
THE CAUCUS PERMITS INFORMAL
DISCUSSION OF AN ISSUE WITHOUT THE
NEED OF A YEA OR NAY VOTE
THE CAUSUS MADE POLITICAL DECISION
LESS DIVISIVE AND COMBATIVE
OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
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THE FINAL EXTENSION OF THE FEDERAL
PRINCIPLE USED IN THE IROQUOIS
NATION AND LATER IN THE FORMATION
OF THE UNITED STATES CAME IN 1918
WITH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE
LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND AGAIN IN 1945
WITH THE CREATION OF THE GENERAL
ASSEMBLY OF THE UNITED NATIONS