Transcript Unit 4 Europe

UNIT 4 EUROPE
The SWBAT have a brief understanding of the history of Europe
from the Greek and Roman Days to the present time.
May 3/4th
■ Journal#1: List 3 things about Europe that is different from Africa
■ CNN Student News
■ Finish Map
■ Complete European Terms Assignment
The SWBAT what the European Union is and how
it affects the countries of Europe
■ Journal#2: From what you may know about the
countries of Europe what is one thing you think you
like about it and one thing you don’t like about it?
■ CNN Student News
■ European Union notes
■ European Country Project
Research for next class
Research a country in Europe that you like. This research can be done on your phone, from the textbook, or from a computer at
home. You will pick three things from the following list, research them, and report back to the class. Pick stuff that is interesting.
This may be a place that you would be interested in going on vacation to. It is worth 20 points.
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Sports,
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Culture,
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Religion,
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Economics,
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tourist attractions,
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Historical places,
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Geographic areas (ex. Mountains, rivers, lakes, etc),
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Government/laws,
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food,
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music,
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entertainment,
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education,
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etc, etc.
Europe
Great Cities
Great History
Ancient Heritage
2000 BC – 476 AD
Ancient Greece and Rome established a standard
of excellence by which later societies measured
their culture.
Parthenon in Athens Greece: Temple to the goddess Athena completed in 438 BC
Ancient Greece
Athens and Sparta
Two major city states each
had their own government,
laws, and army.
Geography led to trade and
borrowing of beneficial ideas
Mountains cut them off from
each other
Developed individual citystates known as polis
Athenian Contributions
Social – Pluralistic Society
Encouraged free expression, new
ideas, and change
Political – Direct Democracy
All native-born free males,
citizens over 18, took part in
lawmaking assembly. Citizens
were educated, loyal, and willing
to run the city-state
Spartan Contributions
Social – Monolithic Society
Only one way of thinking and
behaving
Political – Totalitarian State
Government controlled every part of
the lives of its people-limited
freedom and demanded complete
loyalty
Ancient Rome
“Every road leads to Rome…”
People were united under one
government centered in Rome
and they expanded their
territory through wars.
Political concepts, ideas, and
laws originated during the
Roman Empire.
Roman Contributions
Social
Architecture
Massive structures
Engineering
Extensive roads and bridges
Apian Way – aqueducts carry
water from country to cities
Language
Latin of Rome is the basis of
Spanish, Italian, French,
Portuguese, Romanian, and
English
Roman Contributions
Political
Republic – Government had to run by elected officials.
Rome was large, so people couldn’t effectively participate
directly in running the government
• Real power held by Senate – represented upper class
• Two Consuls: served as heads of state
• Twelve Tables of Law – protected Roman citizens
Justice – innocent until proved guilty
Roman Contributions
Religion
Growth of Christianity
Attracted the poor and slaves
because of preaching’s of
equality and brotherhood
In 312 AD, Emperor
Constantine converted to
Christianity and the church
became one of the most
important institutions in
western Europe.
The Fall of Rome
Political
Corrupt government, assassinations common,
power went to strongest general
Economic
Heavy taxation, high unemployment, decline in
trade
Social
Selfish attitude, Lack of patriotism
In 395 BCE Rome divided into two parts:
Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)
Capital: Constantinople
Flourished
Western Roman Empire
Capital: Rome
Declined into Dark Ages
The Middle Ages
Early Middle Ages (500-1000 C.E)
Late Middle Ages (1000 – 1500 C.E.)
Both Ages made social, political, economic,
and religious contributions
Early Middle Ages: Contributions
Social and Political: Feudalism
Social Classes: Kings, lords, knights, vassals,
peasants (or serfs) and townspeople
Social Mobility was non-existent
• Kings, lords, and knights were noble elites
bound by code of behavior known as chivalry
• Only relief peasants or serfs had was Christian
promise of heaven as a reward for a good life
Early Middle Ages: Contributions
In 1054 AD the Christian Church in Europe
split into two churches
Eastern or Orthodox
• Became church of Byzantine Empire
and Russia
Roman Catholic Church
• Dominant religious institution in
Western Europe
Late Middle Ages
Main Contribution in Religion – Catholic Church
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Anti-Semitism as Jews were put in ghettos
Muslim Persecution
• Considered enemies of church
• Crusades (holy wars) against Turks
• Crusades resulted in an exchange of ideas from
contact with the advanced Muslim world
• People became curious about the world around
them; renewed interest in learning began
Renaissance (1350 – 1650 AD)
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Began in Italy – 14th Century
Rebirth of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome
Renewed interest in secular and worldly matters
Emphasis upon uniqueness and worth of the individual
Renaissance: Contributions
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Science
 Copernicus
 Heliocentric theory – sun
center of universe with
mathematical formulas
 Galileo Galilei
 Telescope
 Against what church taught and
tried as heretic (a Christian
that disagrees with official
Church doctrine)
The Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
 Objected to the teachings of the Catholic
Church church and attempted reformation
 Spread his ideas through by using the
Printing Press
Reformation: Contributions
• Protestant: looked to Bible as source
of truth
• Calvinism: predestination and the
theory of the elect
• Henry VIII of England: Act of
Supremacy in 1543 which created and
established a national religion
Age of Exploration and Colonization (1450 – 1750)
Desire to find a new route to the riches of Asia
Portugal
• Prince Henry the Navigator (school for
sailors – went down African coast)
• Bartholemeu Dias (reached the Cape of
Good Hope)
• Vasco da Gama (rounded cape and
reached India) – water route safer and
more profitable than overland
Spain
• Christopher Columbus
• Ferdinand Magellan (first to
circumnavigate the earth)
• Amerigo Vespucci
Establishment of Colonial Empires
Colonies: The effects and the impact of building
empires
 Competition for colonies led to war among European powers
 Ethnocentric Attitude: Mistreatment of natives (Mayas, Aztecs,
Incas)
 Slave Trade: Violations of human rights and harmful effect on
development of African civilizations
 Christianity spread throughout world
Europe
Does Geography Matter?
Europe
• Large quantities of rainfall
• Limited need for irrigation
• Limited need for
centralization of authority
• Few major geographic
boundaries
Egypt, Middle East, China
• Limited Rainfall
• Agriculture dependent on
large public works
• Highly centralized authority
• Major geographical
boundaries
Does Geography Matter?
In Europe river systems provide
• Drinking water
• Sanitation
• Sewer/trash disposal
• Trade opportunities
• Not required for agriculture
Agriculture is based on rainfall
Allows for urbanization
• Farmers
• Craftsmen
• Aristocracy
Individualized Wealth
• Independent of State
• Origins of the Middle Class
The SWBAT understand how the European Union influences
the countries of Europe.
5-9-16
■ Journal #3: What was the most
surprising thing you learned about
Europe last class?
■ Video clip
■ Finish notes on Europe
■ Go to Library to finish European Union Brochure
This is due next A- Friday (5/13) or B- Monday (5/16)
The SWBAT understand the causes and
consequences of the French Revolution
5-11-16
■ Journal#4: What is the difference between a revolution, civil
war, and a war?
■ Europe Quiz
■ French Revolution assignment
■ French Revolution notes
■ French Revolution video clip
French Revolution
1789-1799
Three Estates
1st Estate: Church Clergy
2nd Estate: Nobility
3rd Estate: Peasants and Bourgeoisie
Five Main Causes
Absolute Monarchy
Estate System
Economic Inequality
Enlightenment Period
Other Revolutions
New Order
Tennis Court Oath
National Assembly
Peasants raided the Bastille, which was a
royal fortress for ammunition
Clergy and common people met to bury their
differences and change things
Less taxes and fair laws
1791 a new constitution was adopted
King’s New Role
He could remain in power, but an
elected assembly would make the
laws
King Louis tried to have other
countries attack France
He ended up trying to leave
1793 he was sentenced to death
Committee of Public Safety
Maximilian Robespierre was in charge
and took it a little too far
Executions and Turmoil
The Revolution
A bloody era with over 16,000 people guillotined
Napoleon Bonaparte took over and implemented
a new constitution in 1799
In 1804 he crowned himself Emperor of France
Revolution ended and a new empire began
“Women are nothing but machines
for producing children”
– Napoleon Bonaparte
Effects and Consequences
Start of the modern world
Napoleonic Code
Equality and Human Rights
Slavery was abolished in French Colonies
Republic based on bourgeois replaced the monarchy
More patriotism for country instead of the monarchy
Feudalism Ends
The students will continue to examine, explore, and study the religion,
culture, government, economics, and geography of Europe. The
students will identify Russia, the USSR, and will be able to define the
Communist Bloc.
■ 5-13-16
■ Journal#5: List 3 things you know about recent European History (1900 to present.)
List two things prior to 1900 you are aware of from European history.
■ Crash Course: Cold War
■ Eastern Europe/Russia notes
■ Unit 4 Review
■ European Brochure DUE
■ TEST NEXT CLASS
Eastern Europe and Russia
• Large topographic and climatic diversity
• Spans two continents (11 time zones)
Russia
Russia: Former USSR or Soviet Union - largest nation in the world. 25% of
Russia is in Eastern Europe and 75% is in Asia
Russia Facts
Climate – weather varies dramatically (-30 is
common, even colder in Siberia)
Coal, oil, iron ore, natural gas, manganese, gold,
lead, etc. Siberia is large untapped area – hard
to extract because of frozen conditions
Desire for warm ports has influenced Russia’s
foreign policy to control the satellite nations
surrounding Russia
Russian: The rise of the USSR
The Russian Revolution of 1917
ended the monarchy.
Vladimir Lenin: Leader of the
Bolshevik party was heavily
influenced by Karl Marx
Lenin turned Russia to a communist
state (USSR)
Communism would survive in Russia
until the early 1990’s
Russia: The rise of the USSR
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote
“The Communist Manifesto”
Communism: Theory that all people
should own farms and factories, share in
the work equally, and receive an equal
share of rewards
Huge split between rich and poor at the time
Peasants supported because land was redistributed
Russian History
Dictator Joseph Stalin succeeded Lenin in 1924. He
sent many to Siberia prison camps that opposed his
plans. His people lived in terror as set up collectivism,
which many resisted. Million’s died of starvation.
Russian History
Cold War: Extreme tension without an actual war from 1945
to 1991.
• Eastern Europe forced into communism after WW II –
cut off contact with the West
• Tried to expand communism beyond Eastern Europe –
The United States was determined to stop this
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in
1949 and its members agreed to protect one another from
communist attack in Europe
Break-up of the Communist Bloc
Communist Bloc: Soviet
Union and other communist
nations of Eastern Europe
Berlin Wall: Built by the East
Germans in 1961, sealed off
East Berlin from West Berlin
1989 November – East
German leaders could no
longer count on support from
Soviet Union. Berlin Wall torn
down and country reunified.
Communist Bloc
Many Eastern European
countries broke away
from Soviet control to
include: Poland, East
Germany, Romania,
Bulgaria, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia,
Yugoslavia, Armenia,
Latvia, and Estonia.
Russian History – Times of Change
Mikhail Gorbachev: The last General Secretary
of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and
the last head of state of the USSR. Served from
1985-1991.
Russian History
Boris Yeltsin – President after Gorbachev
• Leader during transition from communist
dictatorship to a democratic government and
steered Russia toward a free market
• Challenge - converting a command to a
market economy
• Industries and farms were privatized, but this
created food shortages and unemployment
• Without government control prices rose and
crime increased.
• Poor Russians resented rich. They wanted
stability and a return to communism.
Recent History
Vladimir Putin – Former member of KGB. Praised for
his economic reforms, but questioned for his human
rights violations.