Transcript The Armistice is Signed!

IV. END OF THE WAR
Legacy of the Great War
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What were the reasons why
United States joined the war?
• What ended the War?
• What was the Treaty of Versailles?
What did the treaty do to
Germany?
• What were the consequences of
the War?
•
BY 1917
War fatigue:
• Britain
– bankrupt
• Germany
• France
• Russia
– enlisting 15 yr. olds
– soldiers refuse to fight anymore
– drops out of the war
• Russians
fought the
Germans in the
Eastern Front.
• Poorly
Equipped
• Poor Transportation
• Poor Commanding
• There will be a revolution
in Russia
UNITED STATES
1. French and the British had Democratic
governments
America’s neutrality
•
Assisted the Democratic governments of the
Allied powers during the war effort
Supplied them with weapons
• Created propaganda against the central powers
•
UNITED STATES
2. The Sinking of the
Lusitania
Many American
citizens were on board
the Lusitania.
120 Americans died
when the boat was
torpedoed by a
German U-Boat
Imagine yourself lending a lot of money to your
friend. And what would happen if your friend
was to suddenly die? What’s going to happen
to your money?
3. United States wanted to
protect their interests in
Europe
THE LAST STRAW!!!
4. The Zimmerman telegram was intercepted by
Great Britain on it’s way from Germany to
Mexico.
OA
Read the Zimmerman Telegram.
Summarize it’s contents.
THE LAST STRAW!!!
4. The Zimmerman telegram:
•
Germany asked Mexico to help fight the
Americans
•
In return Germany would award Mexico with
Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona
•
Americans were outraged. The U.S. declared
war on Germany and it’s allies on April 2nd,
1917.
WOODROW WILSON’S 14 POINTS –
Wilson’s pitch to Congress
■
President Wilson had a plan for post-war
Europe called the Fourteen Points.
■
■
Self-Determination
A fair peace
Disarmament
Fair treatment of colonies
Creation of the League of Nations
•
No secret treaties
•
Freedom of the Seas and Free trade
■
■
■
A Short Road Lies Ahead
U.S. joins the Allies - 1917
■ Russia pulls out of the War due to a revolution and
signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
■ When the last German offensive fails, Kaiser Wilhelm
II steps down, and exiles himself to Netherlands
■ The Armistice to end World War I was signed on
November 11th, 1918.
■ Armistice – is an agreement to stop fighting (truce)
■
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
Armistice Day!!!
The Armistice is Signed!
THE BIG FOUR
•
The Big Four (top Allied
powers and their leaders) met
at the Paris Peace
Conference 1919.
America's Woodrow Wilson,
• David Lloyd George of Great
Britain,
• Georges Clemenceau of France,
• and Vittorio Orlando of Italy
•
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
Britain and France didn’t like the U.S. plan, and The Treaty of Versailles was
adopted instead.
1.
War Guilt Clause – Germany was responsible for starting the war!
2.
War Reparations – Payment for the damages of war $33 Billion (over 2
trillion dollars)
3.
Limited Military
4.
Loss of German territories
•
German Colonies were given to France and Britain
•
Alsace and Lorraine were given to France
•
German territories were turned into Poland and Czechoslovakia
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
The Legacy of the War
Millions of casualties
■ The war cost $33 billion.
■ The fall of empires
■ Creation of the League of Nations
■ Japan & Italy felt cheated (entered war to
get European colonies in Asia & Africa)….
would we ever hear from them again?
■
Millions of Casualties
10,000,000
9,000,000
8,000,000
7,000,000
6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
Russia
Germany
Austria-Hungary
France
Great Britain
Italy
Turkey
US
Mobilized
Dead
Wounded
Missing/PoW
Russia
12,000,000
1,700,000
4,950,000
2,500,000
Germany
11,000,000
1,773,700
4,216,058
1,152,800
Great Britain
8,904,467
908,371
2,090,212
191,652
France
8,410,000
1,375,800
4,266,000
537,000
Austria-Hungary
7,800,000
1,200,000
3,620,000
2,200,000
Italy
5,615,000
650,000
947,000
600,000
US
4,355,000
126,000
234,300
4,526
Turkey
2,850,000
325,000
400,000
250,000
Bulgaria
1,200,000
87,500
152,390
27,029
Japan
800,000
300
907
3
Rumania
750,000
335,706
120,000
80,000
Serbia
707,343
45,000
133,148
152,958
Belgium
267,000
13,716
44,686
34,659
Greece
230,000
5,000
21,000
1,000
Portugal
100,000
7,222
13,751
12,318
50,000
3,000
10,000
7,000
Montenegro
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Districts & Vilayets of Western
Armenia in Turkey
1914
1922
Erzerum
215,000
1,500
Van
197,000
500
Kharbert
204,000
35,000
Diarbekir
124,000
3,000
Bitlis
220,000
56,000
Sivas
225,000
16,800
Western Anatolia
371,800
27,000
Cilicia and Northern Syria
309,000
70,000
European Turkey
194,000
163,000
73,390
15,000
2,133,190
387,800
Other Armenian-populated Sites in
Turkey
Trapizond District
Total
Fear of national security
from the Armenians led to
a genocide -- systematic
destruction of all or part
of a racial, ethnic,
religious or national group
THE LEAGUE OF
NATIONS
• International
Organization
• Fight against aggressive
nations
• Collective Security
• U.S. will not join this
organization
FALL OF THE EMPIRES AND
CREATION OF NEW INDEPENDENT
STATES
• German
Empire
• Austria Hungary
• Russian Empire
• Ottoman Empire
•
Arabs although united
by a language and
heritage were not a
nation
•
The British had promised
the Arabs self
determination in return
for their assistance in the
war against the
Ottomans.
ARAB REVOLT
Mandate System
However, after the
War, the British and
French divided up
the former Ottoman
territories.
Syria and Lebanon
became French
Mandate
Iraq and Palestine
became British
Mandate
OA
1.
What helped the Allies win
the War?
2.
What did Germany have to
do because of the Treaty of
Versailles? Do you think it was
fair?
3.
What were some
consequences of the War?
MAP ACTIVITY
Pg 373 Europe 1920
• Label and color each of the
countries
• Compare this map with the
previous
• What differences do you
see?