Transcript World History II

World History II
SOL Review Day 2
Scientific Revolution
• What effects did the Scientific revolution have
in the study and practice of Science?
– Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of
nature
– Formulation of scientific method
– Expansion of scientific knowledge
Scientific Revolution
Nicolaus
Copernic
Johannes
Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
William Harvey
Age of Absolutism
• What are the Characteristic of
Absolute monarchies?
– Centralization of power
– Concept of rule by divine right
• What is divine right?
– The belief that their power
comes from God
Examples of Absolute Monarchies
• France: Louis XIV
– Built the Palace of Versailles
as a symbol of royal power.
– Known as the Sun King
• Russia: Peter the Great of
Russia
– Westernization of Russia
– Built St Petersburg ( warm
water port)
English Civil War and
Glorious Revolution
• Discussion Question:
– How did the English civil War and the Glorious
Revolution promote the developments of the
rights of the English man?
Enlightenment
Thomas
Hobbes
John Locke
Montesquieu
Liviathan
Human exist in a primitive “State of
nature” and content government for
self-protection
Two Treatises on People are sovereign and constant to
Government
government for protection of natural
rights to life, liberty and property
Jean-Jacques
Rousseau
The Spirit of the
Laws
The Social
Contract
The best form of government
includes a separation of powers.
Government is a contract between
rulers and the people
Voltaire
Candide
Religious toleration should triumph
over religious fanaticism; separation
of church and state.
Enlightenment
• Applied reason to the Human world, as well as to
the rest of the natural world
• Stimulated religious tolerance
• Fueled democratic revolutions around the world
• Influence of the Enlightenment
– Fueled the revolution in the Americas and France
– Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence
incorporated Enlightenment ideas
– The Constitution and the Bill of rights also included
ideas from the Enlightenment
French Revolution
• What were the causes
of the French
Revolution?
– Enlightenment Ideas
– Influence of the
American Revolution
French Revolution
• Events
– Storming of the Bastille
– Reign of Terror
French Revolution
• Outcomes of the
French Revolution
– End of absolute
monarchy of Louis XVI
– Rise Napoleon
Age of Reason
• Painting depicted classical subjects, public
events, natural people (portraits)
• New forms of Literature evolved, such as the
Novel
New Technologies
• All-weather roads improved year-round
transportation
• New designs in farm tools increased
productivity (agricultural revolution)
• Improvements in ship design lowered the cost
of transportation
QUIZ TIME
Question 1
• John Locke is closely associated with which
belief?
– Absolute monarchs are the best form of
government
– The church should always be obeyed regardless of
its message
– The government should be a contract made by the
people
– The people never have a right to revolt against the
government
Question 2
• Johannes Kepler is known as a pioneer of the
Scientific Revolution for his
– Development of the heliocentric theory
– Formation of the law of gravity
– Use of the telescope to support the heliocentric
theory
– Discovery of planetary motion
Question 3
• Peter the Great was a monarch of
– France
– England
– Prussia
– Russia
Question 4
• The principle that government derives power
from the consent of the governed is
represented through
– Communism
– Democracy
– Socialism
– Oligarchy
Question 5
• The development of the rights of Englishman
included
– An increase in royal power
– The end of political factions
– The rise of power of Charles I
– The establishment of common law
Question 6
• The Enlightenment thinker who wrote The
Social Contract was:
– Voltaire
– John Locke
– Jean-Jacques Rousseau
– Montesquieu
Question 7
• Which was NOT an application of
Enlightenment thinking?
– Reason was applied to the human world, not just
the natural world
– Religious tolerance was encouraged
– The Scientific Revolution was begun
– Democratic revolutions around the world were
fueled
Question 8
• The first reigning monarch to face a public trial
and execution was
– James I
– Charles II
– Henry VIII
– Charles I
Question 9
• The Separations of powers found in the United
States Constitution comes from the writing of
which Enlightenment thinker?
– Hobbes
– Locke
– Montesquieu
– Voltaire
Question 10
• The reign of which monarch gave England its
first constitutional monarchy ?
– Charles II
– James II
– Mary II
– Elizabeth I
Latin American and Revolutions
Colonial
governments
mirrored the
home
governments
A major element of the
economies was mining of
precious metals
Catholicism had a
strong influence on
the developments of
colonies
Latin America
Viceroys/ colonial officers
Creoles
** Majority of Revolutions will be lead by this group**
Mestizos
Latin American Revolutions
• Haiti
• Lead by former slave
Toussaint L ‘Ouverture
– Slave rebellion
– Wins independence
after beating three
armies: Spain, France
and Britain
Latin American Revolution
• Mexico:
• Father Miguel Hidalgo started
the Mexican independence
movement
– Believed in enlightenment ideas
• Creoles become armed and
raise army to put down Hidalgo
and rally around Jose Maria
Morelos who leads
independence movement
Latin American Revolutions
• Following Countries
gained independence:
– Mexico
– Haiti
– Columbia
– Venezuela
– Brazil*** what special
about brazil
independence?
Latin American Revolutions
• Simon Bolivar
– Native Venezuelan Creole
who led revolutionary
efforts
– Liberated northern areas of
Latin America
• Venezuela
• Columbia
• Ecuador
Monroe Doctrine
• Define: US policy of opposition to European
interference in Latin America, announced by
President James Monroe in 1823
• Latin American nations were acknowledged to
be independent
QUIZ
Question 1
• Who led a successful revolution in Haiti to
free Haitians from French rule?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Simón Bolivar
Napoleon Bonaparte
Jose de San Martin
Question 2
• Who led a successful revolution in the
northern area of South America, eventually
having a country named after him?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Simón Bolivar
Napoleon Bonaparte
Father Miguel Hidalgo
Question 3
• Viceroys were
a.
b.
c.
d.
religious officials.
priests.
explorers.
colonial officials.
Question 4
• Which nation claimed the region extending
from Mexico through South America?
a.
b.
c.
d.
France
Spain
Portugal
The Netherlands
Question 5
• The European colonies in the Americas
a. established new and independent cultures and
social patterns.
b. followed the cultural and social patterns of the
indigenous peoples.
c. imitated the cultures and social patterns of their
parent countries.
d. established a unified cultural and social pattern
for all to follow.
Question 6
• The United States issued the Monroe
Doctrine because
a. there was conflict over who would control Latin
America.
b. American merchants had found rich markets in
Africa.
c. the United States opposed the Spanish king.
d. the United States wanted colonies in South
America.
Question 7
• The country located at number 1 on the map
above is
a.
b.
c.
d.
Mexico.
Columbia.
Venezuela.
Brazil.
1
Question 8
• 8. Revolutions in Latin America were
influenced by
a.
b.
c.
d.
the Renaissance.
the Crusades.
the Civil War in Spain.
the French Revolution.
Question 9
• Who started the Mexican independence
movement?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Father Miguel Hidalgo
Simón Bolivar
Jose de San Martin
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Political and Philosophical
Developments in Europe
• Legacy of Napoleon
– Creating an Empire
• Unsuccessful attempt to unify
• Growth of nationalism in occupied countries
– Napoleonic code:
• A uniform set of laws. Limited liberty and promoted
order and authority over individual rights
Nationalism
• The belief that people should be loyal to their
nation- to the people with whom they share a
culture and history –rather than to a king or
queen
Unification of Italy and Germany
• Italy- Count Cavour
• Germany- Otto von Bismarck
QUIZ
Question 1
• The Congress of Vienna
a.
b.
c.
d.
supported Napoleon’s attempt to unify Europe.
restored European monarchies.
established democracies in Europe.
reaffirmed the existing European political
boundaries.
Question 2
• The unification of southern Italy was
accomplished by
a.
b.
c.
d.
Count Cavour.
Bismarck.
Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Napoleon.
Question 3
• The Franco-Prussian War led to
a.
b.
c.
d.
an independent France.
an alliance between France and Prussia.
the establishment of an independent Prussia.
the creation of a German state.
Question 4
• What was the significance of the Code of
Napoleon?
a. It was the first European constitution.
b. It was adopted by all European countries within
ten years.
c. It established a series of rights and laws that did
not rely on earlier customs.
d. It specified a return to a limited monarchy in
France.
Question 5
• . Attempting to restore Europe as it had
been before the French Revolution and
Napoleonic conquests, the Congress of
Vienna left a legacy of two new political
philosophies, liberalism and
a.
b.
c.
d.
socialism.
conservatism.
imperialism.
anarchism.
Question 6
• Otto von Bismarck coined this term to
describe his political philosophy of “doing
what works instead of what would be ideal.”
a.
b.
c.
d.
Zollverein
Realpolitik
Junker
Mein
Question 7
• . The Congress of Vienna tried to
accomplish all of the following tasks EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
compensation for damages.
restoring legitimate monarchs.
restoring balance of power.
returning Napoleon as leader.
Question 8
• What leader of the Congress of Vienna
opposed the formation of a unified Italian
state?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Count Camillo de Cavour
Otto von Bismarck
Clemens von Metternich
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Question 9
• The “red shirts” under Garibaldi defeated
opponents using guerilla warfare, a military
style best described as
a. large groups of well armed men fighting in the
open.
b. a duel between commanders.
c. small groups striking enemies unexpectedly.
d. fighting in a jungle.
Industrial revolution
• Why it started in Britain
– natural resources (coal, iron ore) and the
invention/improvement of the steam engine
– British enclosure movement
Industrial Revolution
• Science and Medicine
– Edward Jenner
• Smallpox vaccination
– Louis Pasteur
• Discovery of Bacteria
Economic Developments
Capitalism
Communism
Based of Adams Smith Based of Karl Marx
works
works
Industrialization
• Rise of Labor Unions
– Encouraged worker-organized strikes to demand
increased wages and improved working conditions
– Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers,
including women and children
– Wanted workers’ rights and collective bargaining
between labor and management
QUIZ
Question 1
•
•
•
•
•
1.
A
B
C
D
Who developed the smallpox vaccination?
James Watt
Edward Jenner
Louis Pasteur
Henry Bessemer
Question 2
• The Industrial Revolution made an impact on
the industrialized countries of the world by
• A increasing the rural population.
• B decreasing the population.
• C improving transportation.
• D causing worldwide depression.
Question 3
• Adam Smith, in his work Wealth of Nations,
contributed to the development of capitalism
by
• A defending the idea of free markets.
• B suggesting that government limit
competition.
• C promoting the benefits of communism.
• D supporting the theories of socialism.
Question 4
• The information in the box above represents
the impact of
• A Karl Marx.
• B The British Enclosure Movement.
• C Friedrich Engels.
• D The Industrial Revolution.
•Women and children entered the workplace as cheap labor.
•Reforms were introduced to end child labor.
•Women increased their demand for suffrage.
•Harsh working conditions were commonplace.
Question 5
•
•
•
•
•
A
B
C
D
The items in the box above are forms of
democracies.
communism.
monarchies.
•Colonies
imperialism.
•Protectorates
•Spheres of influence
Question 6
•
•
•
•
•
Which was NOT a reason for imperialism
to develop?
A Nationalism
B Industrial Revolution
C Religious fervor
D Isolationism
Question 7
•
•
•
•
•
In 1853, Matthew Perry used naval power
to force Japan to
A trade with the U.S.
B end the opium trade.
C cut off trade with Europe.
D end colonization of Korea.
Question 8
•
•
•
•
•
What German economist/philosopher is
credited with the idea of communism?
A Adam Smith
B James Watt
C Karl Marx
D Adolf Hitler
Question 9
• According to communism, history is
dominated by the struggle between what
two groups?
• A the bourgeoisie and the proletariat
• B the bourgeoisie and the democrats
• C the proletariat and the republicans
• D the democrats and the republicans
Question 10
• Eli Whitney’s cotton gin increased the
demand in the American South for
• A slaves.
• B cotton.
• C wheat.
• D coal.
Imperialism
• Causes
– Nationalism
– New Markets
– Competition among
European powers
Imperialism in Africa and Asia
• China-limited access because of the Qing
Dynasty
• Suez Canal-built in Egypt to connect the
Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea
– Received first help by France and later Britain
• Japan was opened by Commander Matthew
Perry
Responses of Colonized People
• Armed Conflicts
– Example : Boxer Rebellion in China
– What was the Boxer Rebellion?
• Rise of Nationalism
– What event(s) increased the feeling of nationalism
in colonies?