Transcript French and Indian War

Mercantilism/ Economic
Policy
-system of nations increasing
their wealth and power
through trade with coloniesTheory that a country’s power
depends on its wealth
Export-OUT
Import-IN
-English wanted a favorable
balance of trade which meant
they sold more than they
imported from
colonies*Limited colonies
Trade
English Control
-colonies were very successful
traders
-Parliament passes the
Navigation Acts, 1649- Put the
theory of Mercantilism into
place
-Restricted how and with who
the colonists could do business
with.
-Could only trade with England
and only use English ships
(English hands)
France’s Empire
-French areas of colonization
-St. Lawrence River Valley,
-Quebec,
- Great Lakes,
-Louisiana
-Interest in trading not
colonizing
-better relationship with
Indians
-English colonists want to
expand
*Tensions mounted as the settlers of New
France wanted to increase their land
holdings to build up the fur trade.
*Their primary focus was the lush Ohio
River Valley and the Great Lakes.
Meanwhile, the British also started moving
into the Ohio River Valley.
France’s Empire
-Indians resist British settlers and ally
with French
-The French have an old rivalry with
Britain
-multiple wars fought between
French and English in past centuries
*Like the 100 years war!!
-1754 - conflict ignites again as
French begin building forts near
Pennsylvania border
French and Indian War
-Virginia Gov’t sends George
Washington to lead militia
against the French *(22yrs old)
-The French and Indian allies
won many early battles using:
-guerilla warfare – hiding,
ambushing, hit and run
French and Indian War
-Albany Plan of Union
-colonies debate forming a central
government
DUE TO 1. Need of Colonial Force if
possible defeat in the war AND
2. self-imposed taxation to pay for that
defense
-idea was proposed by Benjamin Franklin
but was never adopted
*Even though the representatives
returned home with no consensus
having been reached…
….They had laid the groundwork for
the republic that would eventually
become the United States of
America.
French and Indian War
-Victory at Quebec finally gave
the British control of the
region
-turning point of the conflict
-Treaty of Paris, 1763
-France lost all lands in
America
*The Paris Peace Settlement
of 1763 confirmed that
France no longer held control
over any part of North
America, except for two small
islands near Newfoundland.
Interesting Fact:
► *By
1756, the tensions in North America
developed into a global conflict. Previous
global conflicts had started in Europe and
spread to the colonies, but this was the first
example of aggression that started in the
colonies and spread to Europe. Battles
between Britain, France, Spain, and other
European powers erupted in the West
Indies, the Philippines, Africa, and Europe.
This conflict, which started in North America
as the French and Indian War, came to be
known as the Seven Years’ War in Europe.
French and Indian War
NOTES End
Information from :
https://www.apstudynotes.org/ushistory/topics/french-and-indian-war/
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Stirring of Rebellion NOTESBeginning
Post-War Problems
-Proclamation of 1763
-Law stated that colonists could not
cross the Appalachian Mtns
-Colonists ignored the law and continued
to provoke Indians
-standing British Army in the colonies British heavily in debt b/c of war
-Taxes (duties) will be established on
certain goods to help pay for British
expenses.
-smugglers tried to avoid paying taxes
-writs of assistance– search warrants
issued by British authorities to catch
smugglers- arrested and thrown into jail
These writs would enable British
authorities to enter any colonist's home
with no advance notice, no probable
cause and no reason given.
British Taxation
-Sugar Act
-affected merchants and traders
-protests begin (very vocal )
- the taxes were enacted (or raised)
without the consent of the colonists. This
was one of the first instances in which
colonists wanted a say in how much they
were taxed.
-James Otis– “no taxation without
representation” Father of
Revolution
-
British Taxation
► Colonist
resented new taxes b/c they had
NO representatives in Parliament to
represent them, as people living in Great
Britain did.
British Taxation
-Stamp Act= 1st direct tax on
Colonist
-new tax placed on imports such as
tea, glass, paper, paint
-Every newspaper, pamphlet, and other
public and legal document had to have a
Stamp, or British seal, on it. The Stamp,
of course, cost money
-colonists again reacted with
protests
- Sons of Liberty was formed in response
to this Act
-British reacted by sending more
troops “Redcoats”
Resistance Begins
How cool is our history?
-Sons of
Liberty
-Boston(voices of opposition to British control )
Samuel Adams
John Adams
-”no taxation w/o representation”
-protests and boycotts were
organized (refusing to buy)
-stamp agents were harassed
-9/13 colonies sent representatives
to prepare a declaration against
the new British actions
-law eventually repealed-
Resistance Begins
-Declaratory Act– states that
Parliament has the right to
declare laws for British colonies
all cases
Townshend Act
-new tax placed on imports such
as tea (Tea Act), glass, paper,
paint
-colonists again reacted with
protests (we will talk about the
Boston Tea Party Tomorrow)
-British reacted by sending more
troops “Redcoat” Soldiers
Boston Massacre
Pic- by Paul Revere
-March 1770
-protests by colonists
-British troops fire on crowd
-5 colonists killed
-Crispus Attucks (African American
w/ heroic role)
-Most soldiers found not guilty at their
trial for murder. Ruled they acted in
self-defense
John Adams served as attorney for the
soldiers