Transcript French and Indian War

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Map on page 146
1. 3 European Countries that owned land
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2. England
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Spain
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France
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◦ England, France, Spain
◦ 13 Colonies, Part of Canada
◦ Florida, Southwest US, Mexico, Central and South America,
Caribbean Islands
◦ Midwest (Louisiana), Parts of Canada, Caribbean Islands
◦ Called New France
3. Yellow land with pink stripes=disputed area
between England and France
4. Located past Appal. Mts. to Mississippi River/
borders the 13 Colonies
5. disputed land/ close borders/ want for more land
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Map page 146
1. England and Spain
2. England
All of Canada, 13 Colonies, Land from the Appal. Mts.
WEST to the Mississippi, Florida
Spain
West of Mississippi (Louisiana), Mexico, C/S America
3. France
4. Lost the French and Indian War
5. England and Spain
England gained all of Canada and land from Appal. Mts
WEST to the Mississippi River and Florida
Spain gained Midwest of US
6. Winners of war???? What about Spain???
Spain gained land but lost Florida????
7. England
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P. 143-144
1. Where did France claim land?
Ohio River Valley, the Mississippi River valley
(Louisiana), and the Great Lake region=New France
2. Colonized for furs and to convert Native Americans
to Christianity
3. fur trade
4. Europeans and Native Americans
5. Wars in Europe effected the colonists in the New
World
6. Native Americans
7. Pennsylvania fur traders/ Virginia land
companies=colonists wanted westward land
8. As English colonists moved west into the Ohio
River Valley, the French became concerned about
losing control of the rivers that connected their
Canadian and Louisiana settlements=TENSION
Check your Answers for—Map/Chart Questions
 #1 British Allies-Iroquois Confederacy &13 Colonies
Leaders: Braddock (1754-1757), Wolfe (1757-1763),
William Pitt (Prime Minister)
 #2 French Allies---Algonquins, Hurons, Abenaki,
Lenni Lenape, Colonists of New France, Largest % of
Indians fought for the French, Spain,
Leader: Montcalm (1754-1763)
 #3 French were winning in the beginning of the war
 #4 British will start to win battles after 1758
 #5 Most battles fought in Canada, New York,
frontiers of PA, and the Great Lakes
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1. Previous wars between England and France
in Europe and North America led to an uneasy
peace.
 3 in 75 years
2. Disputed land - England’s desire to move
westward (into French areas of the Ohio River
Valley).
 Past the Appalachian Mountains
3. Competition over the fur trade and fishing
grounds
4. Both sides built forts in the Ohio River Valley
◦ Land claims (who owns??)
◦ Proximity of forts (close together)
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1755 Edward Braddock and 2,100 British troops
march to French Fort Duquesne
Washington was on this march
March was slow—mountains, too much baggage,
dragging cannon
July 9 French and Indians surprise attacked the
British troops.
Braddock is killed
British NOT used to guerilla warfare (use to
formal line/row fighting)
British lose/French win during the first 2 years of
war
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1757 William Pitt becomes secretary of state and then
Prime Minister
Sent better generals and more money
British capture 6 French forts by 1759
Captured Fort Duquesne becomes known as Fort Pitt
(Pittsburg)
British lay siege to Quebec (on steep cliff)
British find a path up the cliff, surprise attack the
French
Both the French (Montcalm) and the British leader
(Wolfe) were killed in the battle
Montreal falls 1 year later, and all of Canada was
controlled by the British
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Britain and France will continue fighting for 3
more years in other parts of the world
1761 Spain enters as France’s ally
1763 war ends and Treaty of Paris was signed
France loses all land in North America
England gains more land in their colonial
empire
See map page 146
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British will take over all French forts in North America
Colonists moved into Native American land beyond
the Appalachian Mts.
1763 Native Americans retaliated and attacked
settlers and destroying forts west of the
Appalachians. Only 3 British forts remained
Called Pontiac’s war after Ottawa Chief Pontiac
British responded with attacks
Lenni Lenape Indians had Fort Pitt under siege—gave
Indians small-pox infected blankets
3 years later a peace treaty was signed
PROBLEM—how to control Native relations in the new
lands won in the French and Indian war
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Made to avoid future problems with Native
Americans
FORBIDS settlers (colonists) from settling
WEST of the Appalachian Mts.
See map page 146
Land WEST of the Appalachians to the
Mississippi was reserved for Native Americans
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Colonists were angry about the Proclamationwanted the land they fought for in the war
Anger between colonists and England
French and Indian War gave a sense of unity
to the colonists (common enemy)
Colonial unity grows as colonists’ resentment
to England grows
Colonial leadership grows
Future---conflict with England
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1.Who do you think this
man is?
2.What countries’
uniform is he wearing?
3. Why do some
historians consider the
French and Indian War/
also called the War for
Empire to be the MOST
important war in
America’s history?
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As a surveyor (studies land)---Gov. of Virginia sent
Washington to tell the French they were trespassing
on English land and demand they leave
Result---French refuse to leave
As a colonel—sent him back to Ohio with a militia
(group of civilians)
Militia had instructions to build a fort near present
day Pittsburgh
French had already built Fort Duquesne
Washington built a small fort called Fort Necessity
Greatly outnumbered, Washington attacked a
French scouting party
French surrounded Washington and colonists
surrendered
Later was released
Became famous—4 bullets through my coat 
Despite defeat became known as a hero
Will be on Braddock’s March
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-delegates from New England, NY, PA, MD,
NJ, DE met in ALBANY, NY
-2 Part Plan
-Part #1---seek friendship of Native
Americans (Iroquois)---PASSES
-Part #2------their goal was to find a way
for the colonies to work together to defend
against the French
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-they adopted a plan made by BENJAMIN
FRANKLIN
-the plan called for one GOVERNMENT for all
of the American colonies
-a single elected LEGISLATURE from all the
colonies would have the power to:
collect taxes, regulate Indian affairs, regulate
trade, raise armies, pass laws
-delegates in NY adopted this plan
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-all colonial assemblies rejected the plan—they
were NOT ready to give up ANY OF THEIR
INDIVIDUAL POWERS
-Albany Plan FAILED to UNITE THE COLONIES
Why Important if it FAILED???
-1st attempt ever to
UNITE THE COLONIES
-1st step in EVENTUALLY UNITING THE
COLONIES
-leads to the Revolution and future
government
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-Colonists fought and gained military experience
-George Washington gained military experience
-Colonists felt less dependent on England
-French and Indian War leads to the American
Revolution
-After the war, England in debt---spent lots of
money to win and fight the war
-Who should pay for this debt?
-England feels the colonists should pay, after all
they got more LAND!!
-England passes a series of acts (TAXES) on the
colonists
-Colonists get angry--- a conflict begins