lecture 5 struggle for empire
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Transcript lecture 5 struggle for empire
The Struggle for
Empire
Lecture 4
Frontier Conflict
Throughout the first half of the 18th
century Britain and France fought a series
of wars along the frontier b/w their
colonies in North America.
The conflict focused on control over the
lucrative fur trade and French efforts to
thwart British and American expansion
into the interior of North America.
Each side relied on Native alliances to
conduct much of the fighting.
From Deerfield to
Louisbourg
The Raid on Deerfield occurred during
Queen Anne's War on February 29, 1704,
when French and Native American forces
under the command of Jean-Baptiste
Hertel de Rouville attacked the English
settlement at Deerfield, Massachusetts
just before dawn, burning part of the town
and killing 56 villagers.
French organizers of the raid drew on a
variety of Indian populations, including in the
force of about 300 a number of Pocumtucs
who had once lived in the Deerfield area.
The diversity of personnel involved in the raid
meant that it did not achieve full surprise
when they entered the palisaded village.
The defenders of some fortified houses in
the village successfully held off the raiders
until arriving reinforcements prompted their
retreat.
More than 100 captives were taken, and
about 40 percent of the village houses were
destroyed.
The raid has been immortalized as a part
of the early American frontier story,
principally due to the account of one of its
captives, the Rev. John Williams.
He and his family were forced to make
the long overland journey to Canada, and
his daughter Eunice was adopted by a
Mohawk family; she took up their ways.
Williams' account, The Redeemed
Captive, was published in 1707 and was
widely popular in the colonies.
The Battle of
Louisbourg
The French Indian War
1754-1763
In 1754 a struggle began b/w American
colonists and the French and their Native
American allies for control of the Ohio
valley.
The dispute would ignite a final clash of
empires, a world war that would lead
British to victory and the end of French
control in North America and elsewhere.
The French and Indian War would
become part of the conflict known as
the Seven Years War (1756-1763).
Fighting also took place in Europe,
Indian Subcontinent, in West Africa,
and in the Caribbean.
Differences in reason for
fighting b/w British and
American Colonists.
The British sought global primacy and an
end to French military and commercial
challenges to its interest.
The American colonists objective was
more local wanting to end Native raids on
their colonies and open the Ohio River
Valley to settlement.
This led to colonies organizing their own
military expeditions and settlements.
George Washington
Watch to video and answer the following
questions:
1. How old was George Washington?
2. What was he sent to do?
3. How did Washington change the rules of
war?
4. What is Benjamin Franklins vision for
America?
5. How is expansion being fuelled by Franklin?
6. Which Native group is the most powerful
over the Ohio Valley?
7. What happens to the native alliance with
Washington?
8. Describe the difference in fighting strategy
b/w the natives and Americans.
British Victory
Although Fort Duquesne was
captured the British were successful
in taking over the following Forts:
1. Fort Frontenac
2. Louisbourg
3. Battle of Quebec (Plains of
Abraham)
4. Montreal (1760)
Getting to Know Chief
Pontiac
The Royal Proclamation
of 1763
Check Your
Understanding
1. Explain the North American causes of
conflict between the British and the French.
2. How did the American colonists benefit
from British victory in the Seven Years War?
3. What role did the Native Americans play in
the wars between the British and the French?
4. What role did the American colonists play
in defeating France?
5. Why was general Wolfe’s victory at
Quebec important for the American colonists?
6. What was the purpose of the Proclamation
of 1763?