Transcript World War I - SoYoung Kim

World War I
AP World History
Causes
European rivalries
Competition over new markets
& empires
Nationalism
Unification, Alsace Lorraine,
Slavic issues, Balkan wars
Militarism
Glorification of war & military,
conscription, increased size of
armies and navies
Alliances
Triple Alliance – Germany,
Austria-Hungary, & Italy
Triple Entente – France,
Russia, and Great Britain
The Spark
June 28, 1914
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
(heir to the Austro-Hungarian
throne) is assassinated by a
Serbian nationalist group
Austria-Hungary
blames Serbia
Imposes severe conditions
Russia supports
Serbia
Mobilizes forces and Germany
declares war
The War
Greeted with enthusiasm
by many
Believed it would be a six month
war
Alliance system dragged
the entire continent into
war
Germany invades neutral
Belgium & Britain declares war
Schlieffen Plan - German
plan to defeat French in
six weeks & then turn and
defeat the Russians
Failed with the Battle of the
Marne (Paris was saved)
1914-1916
Battle of Tannenberg (Poland1914) – severe Russian defeat
Western Front - stalemate
Battle of Verdun (1916)
Battle of Somme(1916)
Gallipoli (Turkey – 1915)
Allied invasion of Turkey by Australians & New
Zealanders
Allies withdraw in 1916
Innovations:
Poison gas, submarine warfare, machine
gun, airplane, tank, and trench warfare
Central Powers: Germany, AustriaHungary, Ottoman Empire, &
Bulgaria
Allies: France, Great Britain, and
Italy (had changed sides), (U.S. will
join)
1917
U.S enters war
Public opinion had been divided
Lusitania sunk in 1915 (pg. 755)
Zimmerman telegram
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Russian Revolution
Terrible hardships caused by war
Soldiers & civilians suffer
Bread riots in St. Petersburg
Czar Nicholas II abdicates
Provisional Government
takes over in Russia
Does not withdraw from war
Civil War in Russia
Two groups vie for
control of Russia
Mensheviks & Bolsheviks
Mensheviks
The majority
Believed in a mass led
socialist revolution
Bolsheviks
Led by Vladimir Lenin
The minority
Believed in a socialist
revolution led by a small group
Civil War in Russia
Three year war
Red Army defeats the
White Army
Czar & family are killed in
1918
Bolsheviks now call
themselves communists
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Lenin signed to end war
with Germany
Lose much western territory
and 1/3 of population
World War I Ends
American entrance tips
scales in Allies’ favor
Gained industrial & human
resources
Was a global war
Asia, Africa, & Middle East also
9 million soldiers killed
21 million soldiers
wounded
13 million civilian
casualties
Woodrow Wilson
Proposes Fourteen
Points to prevent
future wars
No reparations
League of Nations
Recognition of freedom of the
seas & trade
Limitations on arms
Self rule
End of secret alliances
Just settlement of colonial claims
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Very severe on Germany –
was meant to be punitive
Reduced German army
Banned conscription
Banned manufacture of major war
weapons
Reduced Germany’s size
Alsace-Lorraine was returned to
France
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was revoked
Allied forces would occupy the
Rhineland region of Germany
Stripped Germany of all overseas
colonies
Demanded that Germany accept
blame for the war & pay war
reparations
Results of World War I
Loss of global power for Europe
Rise of the U.S. and Japan
Rise of Bolshevism in Russia
Increased nationalism among European
colonies around the world
Political and social power shifts in several
nations