Transcript WAR - Cobb Learning

U.S. History
South Cobb H.S.
1)
2)
By 1941, WWII
was two years
old.
In Europe, Nazi
armies had
invaded Poland
and captured
most of western
Europe
including Paris.
3) In Asia, Japan
had invaded China
and Korea,
including genocide
at Nanking.
4) Japan had a
dearth of natural
resources and
looked to expand in
SE Asia.
5) In order to protect
American interests in
Asia, President Franklin
D. Roosevelt orders an oil
& steel embargo against
Japan.
6) Japan’s Emperor
Hirohito views the
embargo as an act of war.
7) Japan plans a secret
attack on the U.S.
8) Japan and Germany had
much to fear from the U.S.
9) After WWI, the U.S.
passed the Neutrality Acts
which forbid selling
weapons to nations at war.
10) In early 1941, the U.S.
passed the Lend-Lease Act
to allow the “lending” of
weapons to allies. 50
million dollars was sent to
England, France, Russia
and China
11) On Dec. 7, 1941,
Japan’s launched a secret
attack against the U.S.
naval fleet at Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii.
12) The attack killed 2,400
men, 19 ships were
damaged, and over 300
aircraft were destroyed.
13) The next day FDR
declared war on the
Empire of Japan. The US
had officially entered
WWII.
1)On Dec 11, 1941, four
days after the Japanese
bombing of Pearl
Harbor, Germany &
Italy declare war on the
U.S.
2) Within hours, FDR
responds with his own
declaration of war on
Germany and Italy.
3) Fearing Americans of
enemy heritage might side
with Japan, Italy, or
Germany, the U.S. sends
them to internment
camps.
4) Many of those interred
were born in America and
never travelled outside the
U.S.
5) Segregated from
society, these individuals
were imprisoned for no
reason other than their
heritage.
6) Following Pearl
Harbor, able bodied men
enlisted in the military
in record numbers.
7) To support the war
effort, women took on
factory jobs in the
defense industry.
8) “Rosie the Riveter”
became the symbol of
those women.
9) Japan attempted to
ambush the US Navy
at the Midway Atolls.
10) US codebreakers
intercept message. US
plans counter attack
11) US wins Battle of
Midway depleting
Japanese navy
extensively
12) All four Japanese
aircraft carriers sunk.
-Akagi, Kaga, Soryu,
Hiryu were involved
in Pearl Harbor attack.
13) The Battle of
Midway was the
turning point in the
Pacific, a theater the
US would later win.
1) Crossing the Pacific
was 3x longer than the
Atlantic. No roads
exited either. Limiting
supplies in Pacific.
2) U.S. used a strategy
of “island hopping” to
provide goods to
soldiers.
1) After D-Day,
supply lines were
created along existing
roads.
2) However, the
further from the coast
it was supplying the
armies, including fuel.
1) With the need for
war supplies growing,
many factories that
produced “nonessential goods” were
converted to produce
need military goods.
2) Americans were
asked to ration or
limit their use of items
like food and gas.
1) The plan to invade
Nazi occupied
territory in Europe
was called Operation
Overlord.
2) D-Day was the 1st
day of Op. Overlord.
3) D-Day was a beach
landing of Allied
forces along the
beaches of Normandy,
France.
4) Largest amphibious
landing in history,
156,000 men in 6,939
ships
5) The bloody but
successful landing
gave the Allies a
geographical
advantage for their
assault on Berlin.
1) After D-Day
landing, war favors
the allies.
2) Capturing the
German capital of
Berlin becomes the
prize for Allies.
3) Berlin falls to the
Russians in one of the
bloodiest battles in
history.
1) After D-Day
landing, war favors
the allies.
2) Capturing the
German capital of
Berlin becomes the
prize for Allies.
3) Berlin falls to the
Russians in one of the
bloodiest battles in
history.
-Hitler commits
suicide
1) Before the war ends
in Europe, the U.S. &
Russia began
experimenting on
weaponizing atomic
power.
2) U.S. secret
development was called
the Manhattan Project
and conducted at Los
Alamos, New Mexico.
3) U.S. wins race for the
Atomic Bomb
4) U.S. warns Russia of
the immense power of
“a new weapon.”
5) Still at war in the
Pacific, that “power”
would be demonstrated
on Japan. Avoiding a
potentially bloody
invasion.
1) U.S. drops two
Atomic Bombs on
Hiroshima and
Nagasaki.
2) Japanese Emperor
Hirohito surrenders
unconditionally.
3) World War II was
over.
1) Birth rates skyrocket.
The “baby boom” was
in full effect!
2) The U.S. rewarded
them with low-cost
loans & the GI Bill.
3) 1st suburban housing
developments were
created e.g. Levittown,
New York.
4) Interstate Highway
Act builds roads,
expands suburbia
1) Once allies, U.S. & Russia
disagree over economic
policy.
2) U.S. supports capitalism
which requires free and
open markets.
3) Russia supports
communism which limits
open markets by allowing
gov’t control of industries.
4) If expanded
internationally, communism
would limit the economic
growth of the U.S.
5) After WWII, Russia
controlled the eastern
Europe and refused to pull
its armies back.
6) Deny open elections in
controlled countries, this
became known as the “Iron
Curtain.”
7) U.S. President Harry
Truman feared a weakened
Europe would fall to
communist Russia.
8) U.S. foreign policy
becomes “containment” of
communism e.g. Truman
Doctrine
9) U.S. Secretary of State
George Marshall believed a
rebuilt Europe would open
markets, thus resisting
communism.
10) His European Recovery
plan became known as the
Marshall Plan. U.S. sends
13.3 billion $ to Europe.
1) Civil war in China
fought between U.S.backed Nationalist Party
and communists under
Mao Zedong
2) Communists win and
take over gov’t.
3) Truman Doctrine
works well in Europe
but not in Asia.
1) Korea was ruled by
Japan pre-WWII.
2) U.S. & Russia agree to
assist Korean gov’t after
V-J.
3) Capitalists in south,
communist in north.
4) Communist north
invade the south to
unify Korea.
5) U.S. & U.N. enters
Korean War to stop
communists.
6) After 3 years of war,
north & south divide
along original border
(38th Parallel.)
7) No peace treaty was
ever signed. Still
problems today.
1) In 1949, Russia
developed the Atomic
Bomb.
-Americans Julius & Ethel
Rosenberg, executed for give
Russia atom info.
2) Senator Joe McCarthy
launches investigation
into possible communist
infiltration of America.
Most claims were
unfounded.
McCarthyism
3) Russia sends first
unmanned satellite into
space, Sputnik.
4) American’s fear
Russian rocket
superiority.
-increase science & tech. education.
-found NASA
5) Eisenhower’s
“Domino Theory” and
will retaliate with full
atomic power if
attacked.
1) In 1958, Fidel Castro
overthrows gov’t.
Cuban Revolution ends
with communist take
over.
2) CIA trains Cuban
exiles to fight against
Castro beginning with a
beach landing at the Bay
of Pigs. Attack fails.
3) Castro turns to Russia for
help. Russia sees strategic
advantage to aid.
4) Russia sends nuclear
missiles to Cuba. Capable
of striking most of U.S.
5) Closest to actual fighting
of the Cold War. Russia
removes missiles when
Kennedy agrees to remove
his in eastern Europe.
1) In a scenario similar to
Korea, South Vietnam
refuses to be led by
communist North Vietnam
2) North Vietnam’s Vietcong
begin terror campaign in the
south. Kennedy provides
aid to S. Vietnam.
3) Gulf of Tonkin resolution
gives LBJ apply to use
military action.
4) War escalates into ground
fighting in the jungle.
5) Vietcong launch massive
attack on 100 cities in S.
Vietnam on Vietnamese
new year. Tet Offensive
was the heaviest fighting
of the war.
6) Images of heavy fighting
grow opposition to the war.
7) President Nixon visits
Asia.
-China agrees to reopen
trade with U.S.
-Convinced Russia to stop
supporting Vietcong.
8) With no Russian
support, N. Vietnam signs
peace treaty with U.S.
9) U.S. pulls out of
Vietnam. S. Vietnam falls
to communists.
1) In 1978, President Jimmy
Carter helped create a
peace treaty between Israel
& Egypt known as the
Camp David Accords.
2) In Iran, the U.S. back
Shah is overthrown by
Islamic fundamentalists.
Angered by U.S. support of
Israel, they raid U.S.
embassy and hold the
workers hostage. Released
under Reagan.
1) In 1981, Ronald Reagan
became president.
2) His economic plan
called for the reduction of
govt spending, income
taxes & govt regulation.
Reaganomics.
3) Took a hard-line stance
against communism &
Soviet Union.
4) Send weapons worldwide to aid anticommunist fighters, even
when not approved by
Congress. Iran-Contra
Hearings.
-Sent weapons to Afghanistan to
resist Russian invasion.
- One of those rebels in
Afghanistan was Osama Bin
Laden, mastermind of the 9/11
attacks.
1) The Soviet Union was
broke after decades of
communism and unable
to modernize
2) Russian President
Mikail Gorbachev
agrees to govt reform
and nuclear reduction
with U.S.
3) Soviet Union
collapses, open elections
for all nations.
1) Rachel Carson writes
Silent Spring warning of
pesticides used during
WWII and the effect on
environment.
- EPA and Earth Day
2) North American Free
Trade Agreement
signed by Pres. Clinton.
Capitalist markets in
NA have trade
restrictions removed.