Transcript The Dutch Republic

The Dutch Republic
 Political Independence
 Each of the seven provinces was
politically independent
 Did not have an absolute ruler
 Political power was held by wealthy
merchants
The Dutch Republic
 Religious toleration
 Calvinism was the dominate religion
 Catholics, Jews, Lutherans and
Anabaptists enjoyed religious freedom
 Such toleration helped to create a
cosmopolitan society and increased
commerce
The Dutch Republic
 Economic prosperity
 Became the leading commercial power during
most of the 17th century. Amsterdam would be
Europe's financial center until the French revo.
 Shipbuilding was econ. Leader, Dutch fleet was
10,000 strong!
 Trade shifted to Atlantic from Med. And the
Dutch replaced the Italians as bankers.
Amsterdam Exchange Bank was safest and
soundest.
 Dutch East Indies co. took over trade routes
The Dutch Republic
 Artistic creativity
 Very different because of strong protestant
influence and no absolute ruler
 Commissions came from wealthy leaders who
wanted portraits of themselves and
possessions.
 Focused on individuals, groups, landscapes and
everyday scenes.
 Artists: Fran Hals, Rembrandt, Jan Vermeer
 Enjoyed a golden age of art.
 Discuss science
The Dutch Republic
 Economic decline
 Costly wars with France and England
 As a result of the decline France and
England advanced.
 Test Tip: The Dutch show up. Amsterdam
as financial power house for Europe. Be
familiar with characteristics of art
Louis XIV, The Sun King
 Divine Right of Kings
 Bishop Bossuet – a prominent
churchman, orator and principle theorist
on the doctrine of absolutism
 He argued all power comes from God
and the King gets his power and
authority from God
 Royal power was absolute- Gods
representative on earth.
 King must follow Gods laws.
Louis XIV, The Sun King
 I am the state
 Louis XIV was the most powerful in French
history. Did not share his power with
parliament.
 Increased power of intendants, no chief minister.
 Continued Richelieu’s policies of reducing French
nobility. Appointed men from bourgeoisie.
 Married Charles II (spain) sister. His reign
lasted 72 years. 1661-1715
Louis XIV, The Sun King
 The Versailles Palace
 Louis determined foreign policy, lead the army,
supported the arts. As Sun King all aspects of
French political and cultural life revolved around
him.
 Used art as propaganda to promote image.
Versailles was a symbol of absolute power and
greatness
 French art, philosophy, architecture and fashion
were copied throughout the continent
Louis XIV, The Sun King
 Colbert and Mercantilism
 Jean-Baptise Colbert was controller of finances.
Strengthened economy through mercantilism
 Abolished tariffs on domestic goods, raised
tariffs on imports
 Utilized the colonies as a source of raw
materials. Encouraged people to emigrate to
Canada
 Raised royal revenues and economic growth,
however, the Nobility remained above the law
will peasants paid the bills.
Louis XIV, The Sun King
 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
 Huguenots continued to enjoy religious
toleration in France.
 Louis’s goal of 1 King, 1 law, 1 Faith resulted in
revoking the Edict of Nantes 1685. Closed
protestant churches and forced children to be
re-baptised
 France lost many skilled workers who fled
persecution. Went to England, Dutch, Protestant
German states, new world
Louis XIV, The Sun King
 Wars of Louis XIV
 France was the most powerful nation in
Europe
 Two goals
 Expand to its natural frontiers, Rhine River
and Switzerland
 Make France a Global power by inheriting
the Spanish Habsburg possessions in the
New world
Louis XIV, The Sun King
 Balance of Power
 With a powerful army and ambitious plans to
create a “universal monarchy”
 Alone, no European nation could stand against
France, however, by joining together weaker
countries could equal or exceed French power.
This is called the Balance of Power. No one
country could dominate another
 Louis tried repeatedly to invade the Netherlands,
but was repelled by the balance of powers.
Opposed by William of Orange III
Louis XIV, The Sun King
 The War of Spanish Succession
 After Charles II died, the throne was given to
Louis’s grandson Philip of Anjou
 Nations feared Louis could now create his
Universal Empire, lead by England a grand
alliance was formed, Holland, Austria,
Brandenburg, and the Italian duchy of Savoy.
 War proved to be costly and left france battered
and weakened. Huge debts would take it toll lter
during the French revolution
Louis XIV, The Sun King
 Treaty of Utrecht 1713
 Created a balance of power that lasted
for 30 years
 French gains
 Philip V was allowed to remain king of
Spain
 France kept all of Alsace
 English gains
 Spanish naval bases at Gibraltar
 The asiento (slave trade) from Spain
 Valuable French colonies in Nova Scotia
and Newfoundland
 Austrian gains
 Spanish Netherlands , Belguim Austrian
Netherlands
 Naples, Milan, and Sardinia
 The Duke of Savoy
 Received Sicily and title of King
 1720 Savoy ceded Sicily to Austria for
Sardinia
 Elector of Brandenburg
 Was recognized as King of Prussia (opens a
mall)