Transcript Nationalism and the Industrial Revolution

Nationalism and the Industrial
Revolution
Threat to the Balance of Power in
Europe
Balance of Power
• Distribution of political and economic power
that prevents any one nation from becoming too
strong
• Industrialization improved economy
improved capacity to make weapons of war
Militarism
What do you think nationalism means?
Nationalism
• commonly defined as
a love for one's
country
Nationalism
• Sparked by Napoleon’s conquests across Europe
• After Napoleon’s defeat, smaller, less-powerful
European kingdoms fought for independence,
self-determination, and in some cases
unification.
Self-Determination
• Ability of a people to choose their own
government
How do you think nationalism might
positively affect a nation?
Positive Effects of Nationalism
• Showing pride in your country may lead you to
volunteer your time, talent, and/or treasure to
help improve your country
▫ Donate to causes
▫ Participate in the political process
▫ Donate blood in a national emergency
How do you think nationalism might
negatively affect a nation?
Negative Effects of Nationalism
• You may be extreme in your loyalty to your
country so much so that you discriminate
against others, especially if you perceive a wrong
done to you by another
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Ethnic tension
Religious tension
Tribalism
Genocide
Examples of Nationalism in Action
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Haitian Independence Movement
German Unification
Italian Unification
The Breakup of the Ottoman Empire
▫ Greek Independence
▫ Serbian Independence
Unification of Italy
• Was divided into small states after the fall of the
Roman Empire
• Napoleon had conquered and reunited them in
the early 1800’s
• After Napoleon’s defeat, Metternich and the
Congress of Vienna divided them up again and
brought them under Austrian and Spanish rule
(the old Holy Roman Empire)
• Nationalists ( Garibaldi, Mazzini, and Cavour) in
Italy united the Italian kingdoms, driving out the
Austrians and Spaniards upset the balance of
power in Europe
• Unfortunately, tension persisted in Italy between
the industrial north and the agricultural south
Unification of Germany
• Germany had been divided into small
independent kingdoms prior to the 1800’s
• Napoleon conquered and united the German
kingdoms, but the Germans didn’t want to be
ruled by the French
• After Napoleon’s defeat, Germany tried to
remain united, but Metternich and the Congress
of Vienna broke them up
• The German states did not give up they set up an
economic system of free trade and cooperation
amongst themselves known as the Zollverein
industrialize move to unify
• Otto von Bismarck became chancellor of Prussia, the
strongest German state, and he set out to unify,
industrialize and modernize Germany through his
policy of “Blood and Iron” – Bismarck was a master
of Realpolitik- realistic politics blood= sacrifice
and war; iron= industrialization
• Allied with Austria to seize land from
Denmark turned against Austria to take land
and force Austria to follow their lead waged
war on France as “payback” for Napoleon’s
conquest of Germany united all the German
states under the Prussian king, William I.
• William I called himself the kaiser.
Conflict in and Division of the Ottoman
Empire
• Multinational empire (ruled N. Africa, the
Middle East and parts of S. Europe) faced
challenges from the various ethnic groups in the
empire
• Was once accepting of diversity, but cracked
down on minorities after the Napoleonic Age for
fear of losing control of empire
• Made no efforts at industrialization
• Ruled the Balkan Peninsula which was known as
the “Powder Keg of Europe” for its chaotic
mixture of nationalist groups that were on the
verge of exploding into war
• Between 1829 and 1908, Greece, Montenegro,
Romania, and Bulgaria all broke away from the
Ottoman Empire
• The Ottoman Empire was referred to as the “Sick
Man of Europe”- it was on the verge of collapse
Conflict in and Division of the Austrian
Empire
• Metternich and the Congress of Vienna tried to
suppress nationalism
• Made no efforts at industrialization
• Ignored the rights of minority groups (Slavic peoples
including Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Ukrainians,
Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes)
• Gave preferential treatment to German-speaking
peoples
• Were forced to set up two different governmentsone for Austrians, one for Hungarians
• The Austro-Hungarian Empire was on the verge of
collapse by WWI
Industrialization and Nationalism
• As old empires were collapsing and new nations
were emerging, the survivors were scrambling
for alliances- friends to help them survive
• They also needed to prepare for war, just in
case militarism was on the rise
• In order to meet the needs of rapid
industrialization, and to loss of colonies in Latin
America, many European nations turned their
attention to acquiring colonies in Africa, Asia,
and the Middle East The New Imperialism
Nationalism can…
• spur on revolutions
• unite a country or tear it apart
• bring out the best in people as they help their
people overcome tragedy
• or tear a country apart in response to a wrong
perceived to be perpetrated on them by another
cultural group