Transcript Central European Monarchs Clash: The Hapsburgs

Central European Monarchs Clash:
The Hapsburg Family
Holy Roman Empire:
Holy Roman Emperor: Charles V (Hapsburg)
Spain & Austria:
Phillip and Ferdinand
(Hapsburgs)
German States:
Various Protestant &
Catholic Princes
How did the Holy Roman
Empire come to an end?
The Thirty Years War
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Charles V was a member of the Hapsburg family & Catholic
Charles V signed the Peace of Augsburg,
This made peace between Catholic & Protestant princes
Churches in the German empire could be Lutheran or Catholic
Charles V’s brother Ferdinand was a Catholic Prince
Ferdinand ruled Bohemia and Protestants there didn’t trust him
When Ferdinand closed some Protestant churches, the people revolted
Ferdinand sent in his army to crush the Protestant revolt
Other Protestant German princes sent in their armies to help Protestants
This started the Thirty Year’s War
In the first 12 years of the war the Catholic Hapsburg armies from Spain and
Austria were crushing the Protestant Princes
• However, in 1630 Protestant Prince, Gustavus Adolphus beat the Hapsburgs
and drove them out of northern Germany
• France, even though they were Catholic, sent in troops to fight the
Hapsburgs – France wanted to weaken the Hapsburg Empire
New States form in Central Europe
• The war ended with an agreement called the Peace of Westphalia
1) Hapsburgs were weakened in Spain (Phillip) and Austria (Ferdinand)
2) Strengthened France by giving it new German territory
3) Made German princes independent from Holy Roman Empire
4) New way to end a war – Peace Treaty!
• This war ends the Holy Roman Empire & creates independent German states
• The Hapsburgs would regain power in Austria
• The Hapsburgs would finally defeat the Ottoman
Empire & gain new territory in Southern Europe
•Ruling this new territory would be difficult
• New Hapsburg ruler Maria Teresa would also
face a new challenge from the German State of
Prussia
The Seven Years War
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Prussia’s new leader Frederick II wanted to expand Prussia’s territory
He combined two German states, Prussia & Brandenburg
To avoid Prussia being attacked, Frederick wanted to go on the offensive
Frederick decided to attack the Hapsburgs in Austria
Maria Theresa of Austria
Frederick II of Prussia
VS
• Frederick signed an alliance with France to attack the Hapsburgs
• The Hapsburg leader Maria Theresa convinced Britain to join her fight
• Since the British disliked the French they were glad to help
• At first, Prussia was winning and gained new territory from the Hapsburgs
• So Maria Theresa convinced France to switch sides and go against Prussia
• When Britain heard France was allied with Austria, they switched sides
• Maria Theresa also convinces Russia to join her side
• The war was fought both in Europe and the colonies in the Americas
• There were no winners in Europe – little territory changed
• However, in the Americas, Britain was the big winner taking away much
of France’s Canadian territory
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Prussia & Britain
Austria, Russia, France