Transcript aeronautical library

• BASE Transactions
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Scalability Database scalability
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Google's massively distributed Spanner
technology, positioned as a successor to
BigTable, supports general-purpose
database transactions and provides a
more conventional SQL-based query
language
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ACID
In computer science, ACID (Atomicity,
Consistency, Isolation, Durability) is a set
of properties that guarantee that database
transactions are processed reliably. In the
context of databases, a single logical
operation on the data is called a
transaction. For example, a transfer of
funds from one bank account to another,
even involving multiple changes such as
debiting one account and crediting
another, is a single transaction. The
chosen initials refer to the acid test.
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Database transaction
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A database transaction, by definition, must
be atomic, consistent, isolated and
durable. Database practitioners often refer
to these properties of database
transactions using the acronym ACID.
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Database Transactions and concurrency
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Database transactions can be used to
introduce some level of fault tolerance
and data integrity after recovery from
a crash
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Concurrency control Concurrency control in databases
This section is applicable to all
transactional systems, i.e., to all systems
that use database transactions (atomic
transactions; e.g., transactional objects in
Systems management and in networks of
smartphones which typically implement
private, dedicated database systems), not
only general-purpose database
management systems (DBMSs).
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Concurrency control Concurrency control in databases
DBMSs need to deal also with
concurrency control issues not typical just
to database transactions but rather to
Operating Systems in general. These
issues (e.g., see Concurrency control in
Operating Systems below) are out of the
scope of this section.
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Concurrency control Concurrency control in databases
Thus concurrency control is an
essential element for correctness in
any system where two database
transactions or more, executed with
time overlap, can access the same
data, e.g., virtually in any generalpurpose database system
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Concurrency control Serializability
Serializability is considered the
highest level of isolation among
database transactions, and the major
correctness criterion for concurrent
transactions
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Online transaction processing
The term is somewhat ambiguous;
some understand a "transaction" in
the context of computer or database
transactions, while others (such as the
Transaction Processing Performance
Council) define it in terms of business
or commercial transactions
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Object-relational impedance mismatch - Transactional differences
In particular, relational database
transactions, as the smallest unit of work
performed by databases, are much larger
than any operations performed by classes
in OO languages
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Test-driven development - Fakes, mocks and integration tests
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Database transactions where a transaction
atomically includes perhaps a write, a read
and a matching delete operation.
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Database management system - Transactions and concurrency
Database transactions can be used to
introduce some level of fault tolerance and
data integrity after recovery from a Crash
(computing)|crash
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OLTP
The term is somewhat ambiguous; some
understand a transaction in the context of
computer or database transactions, while
others (such as the Transaction Processing
Performance Council) define it in terms of
business or financial transaction|commercial
transactions.[ http://www.tpc.org/ Transaction
Processing Performance Council website]
OLTP has also been used to refer to
processing in which the system responds
immediately to user requests
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Aria (storage engine)
It is not yet database
transaction|transactional but plans to
add proper support for database
transactions at some point in the
future
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Distributed transaction processing
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The isolation (computer science)|isolation
property (the I of ACID) poses a special
challenge for multi database transactions,
since the (global) serializability property
could be violated, even if each database
provides it (see also global serializability)
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SparkleDB - Persistence
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The database server fully supports ACID
(atomicity (database systems)|atomicity,
consistency (database
systems)|consistency, isolation (database
systems)|isolation, durability (database
systems)|durability) to guarantee that the
database transactions are processed
reliably.
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FoundationDB
'FoundationDB' is a NoSQL database with a shared nothing
architecture.[
http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/03/foundationdb/
Database House Wants You to Stop Dropping ACID] The product is
designed around a core database, with additional features supplied
in layers.[ http://www.honline.com/developer/news/item/FoundationDB-releases-beta-of-itsNoSQL-YesACID-database-1816279.html FoundationDB Releases
Beta of its 'NoSQL/YesACID' Database] The core database exposes
an ordered key-value store with Database
transactions|transactions.[
http://www.datanami.com/datanami/2013-0304/foundationdb_s_acid_compliant_nosql_available.html
FoundationDB's ACID Compliant NoSQL Available] The transactions
are able to read or write multiple keys stored on any machine in the
cluster while fully supporting ACID properties.[
http://readwrite.com/2013/03/08/foundationdbs-nosql-breakthroughchallenges-relational-database-dominance FoundationDB's NoSQL
Breakthrough Challenges Relational Database Dominance]
Transactions are used to implement a variety of data models via
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layers.
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Atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability
In computer science, 'ACID' (Atomicity
(database systems)|Atomicity, Consistency
(database systems)|Consistency, Isolation
(database systems)|Isolation, Durability
(database systems)|Durability) is a set of
properties that guarantee that database
transactions are processed reliably
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https://store.theartofservice.com/the-base-transactions-toolkit.html
Database transactions
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A database transaction, by definition, must be
Atomicity (database systems)|atomic,
Consistency (database systems)|consistent,
Isolation (database systems)|isolated and
Durability (database systems)|durable.[
http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/aa366402(VS.85).aspx A
transaction is a group of operations that are
atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable
(ACID).] Database practitioners often refer to
these properties of database transactions
using the acronym ACID.
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Isolation (database systems) - Isolation levels
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For many database applications, the
majority of database transactions can
be constructed to avoid requiring high
isolation levels (e.g
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Database activity monitoring - Common use cases for DAM
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Application activity monitoring allows
organizations to associate specific
database transactions with particular
application end-users, in order to
identify unauthorized or suspicious
activities.
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Database activity monitoring - Common DAM architectures
• Complete coverage of all database
transactions — the sensor covers traffic
coming from the network, from the host, as
well as from back-doors (stored
procedures, triggers, views)
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Real-time database - Preserving data consistency
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Although the real-time database system
may seem like a simple system, problems
arise during overload when two or more
database transactions require access to
the same portion of the database
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Atomicity (programming) - High-level atomic operations
As with database transactions, issues
arise regarding composition of
transactions, especially database and inmemory transactions.
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Long-running transaction
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'Long-running transactions' are computer
database transactions that avoid lock
(computer science)|locks on non-local
resources, use compensation to handle
failures, potentially aggregate smaller
ACID transactions (also referred to as
atomic transactions), and typically use a
coordinator to complete or abort the
transaction
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Quiesce
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During a quiesced backup, updating
transactions are not permitted and
attempts to execute database
transactions raise a database
exception.
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Transactions Per Second
In a very generic sense, the term
'transactions per second' refers to the
number of atomic actions performed by
certain entity per second. In a more
restricted view, the term is usually used by
DBMS vendor and user community to refer
to the number of database transactions
performed per second.
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Software transactional memory
In computer science, 'software
transactional memory' ('STM') is a
concurrency control mechanism
analogous to database transactions for
controlling access to shared memory in
concurrent computing
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Transactional memory
In computer science and computer
engineering|engineering, 'transactional
memory' attempts to simplify concurrent
programming by allowing a group of load
and store instructions to execute in an
linearizability|atomic way. It is a
concurrency control mechanism
analogous to database transactions for
controlling access to shared memory in
concurrent computing.
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Aeronautical Information Service - Transition from AIS to AIM
We are in the age of the Internet,
satellite navigation and computer
networks, yet our approach to
aeronautical information distribution
is still based on paper charts, paper
documentation and telex-based text
messages. Much of the data is entered
more than once in different computers
using a keyboard rather than by file
transfer or database transactions.
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