Transcript Which of the following belief systems emerged from political disorder

Which of the following belief systems emerged from
political disorder, did not worship a deity, and
remained primarily regional beliefs?
Buddhism and Confucianism.
Buddhism and Hinduism.
Confucianism and Islam.
Judaism and Islam.
Confucianism and Daoism
• Which of the following is true of both the
Roman Empire and the Gupta Empire?
– Both had centralized governments with
established infrastructures.
– Both depended on long-distance maritime trade.
– Both relied heavily on forced labor.
– Both were followed by centuries of global rule.
– Both fell to nomadic tribes pushed in their
direction by migratory Huns.
• Which of the following statements draws an accurate
similarity between early agricultural societies in the
Americas and those in the Eastern Hemisphere?
– American societies were matriarchal, while those in the Eastern
Hemisphere were patriarchal.
– Agricultural societies in both hemispheres were polytheistic.
– Both groups of societies relied on human muscle rather than on
technology to carry out manual labor.
– Societies in the Western Hemisphere relied more on the
flooding patterns of rivers than did those in the Eastern
Hemisphere.
– Societies in the Americas had larger beasts of burden than
societies in the Eastern Hemisphere did
• Which of the following concepts was
introduced after the other four?
– The Four Noble Truths.
– The Way.
– The covenant relationship.
– The Five Pillars.
– The forgiveness of sins
• Which of the following reflects a similarity
between Arabic settlements of the eighth century
and Viking settlements of the ninth century?
– Both established villages along the rivers of Russia.
– Both reached areas of present-day northern France.
– Both diminished intellectual activity in the regions
they settled.
– Both groups created temporary settlements.
– Both groups established settlements in Western
Europe
• Which of the following is true of Pacific Ocean
trade during the period 600 to 1450?
– European traders carried on active trade with
Pacific islanders.
– It was dominated by Malay sailors.
– Pacific islanders concentrated on regional trade.
– It included active trade between Mongol China
and Japan.
– Pacific islanders carried on trade with East Asia
• A comparison of the travel routes of Marco
Polo and Ibn Battuta reveals that
– both traveled throughout Southwest Asia.
– both traveled to North Africa.
– both traveled through Central Asia.
– both traveled to Islamic Europe.
– Marco Polo traveled to a greater number of
locations than Ibn Battuta
• Which of the following was the most isolated
from world trade during the period 600 to
1450?
– Russia.
– Japan.
– China.
– East Africa.
– India
• Japanese and European feudalism were
similar in that
– bushido and chivalry involved reciprocal
relationships.
– both were based on group loyalties.
– neither emphasized personal ties in political
relationships.
– both involved the receipt of contracts.
– both ended as their respective regions developed
centralized governme
• In the period between 600 and 1450, which of
the following roles were pursued by many
Indian and European women?
– Workers in domestic industries and field workers.
– Political activists and public speakers.
– Long-distance merchants and guild leaders.
– Scholars and physicians.
• By 1450, Islam had spread to all of the
following regions EXCEPT
– Western Europe.
– East Asia.
– the Middle East.
– India.
– East Africa
• In the period between 600 and 1450
– agriculture increased the aboriginal population of
Australia.
– North American nations north of Mexico were more
settled than the natives of Mesoamerica.
– North American and Mesoamerican societies were
connected by trade.
– Asian trade networks reached to the islands of
Oceania.
– metallurgy was more advanced in Polynesia than in
Mesoamerica and South America
• Which is true of the Mongol Empire?
– It was responsible for spreading Buddhism to
Japan.
– It was based upon tribute.
– The Mongols displayed their efficient
administrative skills in Persia.
– It imposed harsh rule over Russia.
– It broadened the Chinese civil service
examinations.
• Which of the following is true concerning trade in
Eurasia and the Americas in the period 600 to
1450?
– Both involved overland and oceanic trade.
– Trade in Eurasia moved along an east–west axis, while
that in the Americas moved along a north–south axis.
– Only Eurasian trade involved the exchange of
gemstones.
– Both involved the interchange of major religions.
– Both involved nomadic peoples as trade facilitators
• The journals of Captain James Cook describe one of the
societies he encountered as people who placed a
greater value on European tools and iron more than on
anything else because the only weapons they had were
stones. (Source: James Cook, The Journals of Captain
Cook. Ed. by Philip Edwards. London: Penguin, 1999.)
• Which society is described in these journals?
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The Hawaiians.
The people of Madagascar.
The Native Americans.
The Chinese under the Qing dynasty.
The Japanese during the Tokugawa Shogunate
• Most plantations in the Americas in the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
produced
– sugar.
– cotton.
– rice.
– indigo.
– tobacco
• The Columbian Exchange
– affected only Europe and the Americas.
– reversed America's disease-resistant environment.
– created Native American enthusiasm for food
crops of the Eastern Hemisphere.
– carried diseases from the Western to the Eastern
Hemisphere.
– created a permanent labor force of Native
Americans for the Europeans
• Between 1450 and 1750
– Indian Ocean trade became dominated less by
Europeans and more by Muslims.
– the Ottoman Empire increased production of factory
goods for exports.
– China's treasury was drained of silver from unequal
trade with Europe.
– Japan changed its position of initial interest in
Western goods to resistance to Western influence.
– African rulers relied less and less on European
manufacture
• All of the following are true regarding the Native
Americans of North America north of the Rio Grande
River and the Indians of Latin America EXCEPT that
– peoples north of the Rio Grande tended to be settled
farmers more often than Indians of Mesoamerica.
– they were polytheistic.
– natives of southwest United States traded with
Mesoamerican civilizations.
– both built massive ceremonial structures.
– while most of the natives of Mesoamerica had a written
language, those north of the Rio Grande did not.
• Slavery and Russian serfdom were similar in
that
– they were both forms of bondage.
– both were denied personal freedoms.
– they were both tied to economic decline in the
regions where they were utilized as a labor force.
– neither offered a way to escape conditions of
servitude.
– they were both based on skin color
• Which of the following did NOT contribute to
the fall of the Aztec Empire to the Spaniards?
– Military assistance of Mesoamerican peoples.
– Epidemic disease.
– Mesoamerican traditions.
– The economic weakness of the Aztecs.
– Superior weaponry of the Spa
• The first successful revolution of black slaves
in world history occurred in
– Mexico.
– Haiti.
– Brazil.
– Venezuela.
– Puerto Rico.
• Karl Marx's use of the term "bourgeoisie" to
refer to factory management was also used to
describe
– the ancien regime in France.
– the Western-educated leaders against the Qing
Chinese.
– the free black society of Haiti.
– the initiators of the French Revolution.
– British sympathizers during the American
Revolution.
• Take up the White Man's burden—The savage
wars of peace—Fill full the mouth of Famine And
bid the sickness cease." (Source: Rudyard Kipling,
"The White Man's Burden") Kipling's poem
received its rationale from which of the following
nineteenth-century philosophies?
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Laissez-faire economics.
Conservatism.
Romanticism.
Liberalism.
Social Darwinism
• Both the wearing of corsets in Europe in the
nineteenth century and the custom of
footbinding in China were designed
– for use among lower-class women.
– to deny women status in their respective society.
– to restrict women to work in the fields.
– to restrict women's freedom of activity.
– to make women unattractive.
• In which of the following periods of world
history did slavery NOT exist?
– 8000 B.C.E.–600 C.E.
– 600–1450.
– 1750–1914.
– 1914–2000.
– Slavery has existed in all periods of world history
• Japan was more accepting of Western advances
than China in the nineteenth century because
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Japan feared the power of Great Britain in East Asia.
Japan feared the power of Korea.
the Tokugawa Shogunate desired reform in Japan.
Japanese leaders wanted a democracy patterned after
the United States.
– Japan recognized the need to open up trade relations
with the West in order to increase its national power.
• About 500 B.C.E., the metal that made Meroë
prosperous was
– iron.
– copper.
– bronze.
– gold.
– silver.
• The concept of extraterritoriality involves
– unique economic privileges within a foreign
country.
– the grant of citizenship to foreigners.
– the annexation of new territories.
– the imposition of economic imperialism.
– the privilege of foreigners to be tried in their own
courts rather than by courts of the country where
they reside.
• Which of the following was NOT the result of
colonialism in the period 1750 to 1914?
– Europeans, North Americans, and Japanese
imperialists acquired feelings of superiority toward
the peoples they dominated.
– Global trade increased significantly.
– National identities among subject peoples were
eliminated.
– Global migration increased because of imperialist
recruitment of labor forces.
– Sometimes imperialists built a plantation economy
around a traditional crop of the colony.
• The world region most profoundly affected by
AIDS is
– North America.
– Latin America.
– South Asia.
– Africa.
– Southeast Asia
• All of the following are true concerning the
nationalist struggle in Vietnam EXCEPT
– the French wanted to use Indochina to regain its
world status.
– unlike other former colonies, the Vietnamese
were untouched by the Cold War.
– it bore similarities to the American Revolution.
– the Geneva Conference (1954) divided Vietnam.
– the new South Vietnamese government was
unpopular with the general p
• All of the following are true of World War I
EXCEPT
– European colonists from Africa and Asia served as
military and support personnel.
– the territories of the former Ottoman Empire
became independent.
– the war's end saw the dissolution of most empires
in Europe.
– European power declined.
– ethnic tensions in the Balkans were unresolved
• One of the major problems of the current age is
the unequal distribution of income and
resources. One explanation for this problem is
– resistance to globalization by new Western nations.
– lack of concern in newly independent nations in Africa
and Asia.
– uneven distribution of resources in spite of a
worldwide surplus of resources.
– the overall failure of the Green Revolution.
– the effects of colonialism
• During classical times
– individuals did not travel the full extent of the Silk
Roads.
– Malay merchants sailed from Southeast Asia to
East Africa.
– central Asians guarded trade routes but did not
participate in trade themselves.
– there was a favorable balance of trade between
Rome and China.
– North Africa was bypassed by Silk Roads trade.
• Hinduism
– developed many of its ideas from the Vedas.
– developed the caste system about the time of the
birth of Jesus.
– believed that reincarnation could move a person
to only a higher caste.
– allowed wide mobility between castes.
• Which of the following best describes
patriarchal relationships?
– They involve abuse of female family members.
– They prevent women from engaging in
commercial activity in public.
– Women are secluded behind veils.
– Women's inferior status places them under the
protection of male family members.
– Women are denied an education
• Judaism, Islam, and Christianity share which of
the following?
– Belief in Jesus as the Messiah.
– Acceptance of Muhammad as a prophet.
– The requirement of a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
– Monotheism.
– Restrictions on the eating of pork.
• Which territories were most actively a part of
world trade patterns in the first five centuries
C.E.?
– Islamic empires.
– Australia.
– Polynesia.
– The Italian peninsula.
– Japan.
• The oldest permanent communities of African
Christians are found in present-day
– Nigeria.
– Morocco.
– Congo.
– Ethiopia.
– South Africa
• The Chinese halted exploration in the 1430s
for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
– the expense of the voyages.
– pressure from the scholar-gentry.
– disinterest in trade.
– the need to reinforce the Great Wall.
– fear of additional Mongol invasions
• Which of the following Indo-European
languages was spread to India through
migration about 1500 B.C.E.?
– Hindi.
– Sanskrit.
– Arabic.
– Mandarin.
– Farsi
• Which of the following is NOT true of the
Mongols?
– Their government was organized around kinship
groups.
– They highly regarded the work of artisans.
– They improved Persian infrastructure by
constructing qanat irrigation systems.
– They tended to use local administrators to rule
conquered lands.
– They were driven back from Japan by kamikaze w
• Conquest united all of the following cultures
EXCEPT
– Mongols and Ottoman Turks.
– nomadic Berbers from North Africa and the
people of Spain.
– Ottoman Turks and Byzantines.
– Aryans and Indus valley peoples.
– Spaniards and Aztecs
• Which of the following is NOT true regarding
new crops in the period 1000 to 1450?
– Muslims introduced rice to West Africa.
– Europeans introduced Muslims to refined sugar.
– Cotton became the main textile in sub- Saharan
Africa.
– Muslim travelers introduced citrus fruits to West
Africa.
– Knowledge acquired during the Crusades affected
the economy of the Western Hemisphere.
• The diaspora of the African population
– resulted in the complete loss of African languages.
– created compliant slave societies that did not resist
their masters.
– created slave revolts that frequently ended slavery in
local areas.
– sometimes resulted in self-governing communities of
runaways.
– produced slave communities in Latin America that
depended on natural slave increase more than in
North America.
• In the sixteenth century, Mediterranean trade
was dominated by
– North Africa and Spain.
– Portugal and France.
– Spain and Portugal.
– Jerusalem under Christian control.
– Muslim Turks and Italian city-stat
• Which of the following is NOT true regarding the
Manila galleons?
– They linked global trade in the Pacific.
– Chinese merchants supplied silk goods that were
traded with Mexico.
– Most Chinese luxury goods crossed the Atlantic to
Spain.
– Asian luxury goods from the galleons did not remain
in Mexico.
– European merchants exchanged silver for Chinese
gold
• Which of the following rulers held the LEAST
power over his subjects during the eighteenth
century?
– The Russian tsar.
– The Qing emperor.
– The Japanese emperor.
– The French king.
– The Ottoman sultan
• In the period 1500 to 1800, global population
increased with the introduction of new crops
from
– the Middle East.
– the Americas.
– Western Europe.
– China.
– Japan.
• the fifteenth century, Russia had forged the
closest cultural ties with
– the Ottoman Turks.
– the Byzantine Empire.
– the Mongol Empire.
– Western Europe.
– North America.
• How was India changed by foreign influence in
the period 1450 to 1750?
– Christian missionaries from Europe were banned.
– The collapse of the Mughal Empire allowed Britain
the opportunity to rule India.
– Indian Muslims objected to Mughal rule.
– Hindus accepted the unifying force of the Mughal
rulers.
– Foreign trading stations and commercial colonies
were forbidden under Mughal rule
• In which of the following regions were
plantation economies NOT established?
– Indian Ocean islands.
– North America.
– Europe.
– Southeast Asia.
– Atlantic Ocean islands
• Which of the following describes the relationship
between the Ottoman Empire and European
nations from 1750 to 1914?
– The Ottomans lost their territory in Anatolia to
European states.
– Nationalist uprisings forced the Ottomans to recognize
the independence of Greece and Serbia.
– The Ottomans gained Egypt from France.
– The Ottomans gained territory from the weakening
Russian Empire.
– Ottoman advances in technology were transferred to
European nations
• Which of the following is true regarding Russia
in 1914?
– Continuing serfdom weakened its industrial
development.
– Its Russification policy promoted ethnic harmony.
– It lost territory to the Ottomans.
– Its economy was unable to manage the tsar's
desire for expansion.
– Its technological advances made it the equal of
France and Great Bri
• Which of the following is NOT true of imperialism
in Southeast Asia in the period 1750 to 1914?
– Much of central Asia was brought under Russian
control.
– By 1900, all of Southeast Asia was under colonial rule.
– The Roman Catholic Church became prominent in
Vietnam.
– British-controlled Singapore became an active trade
center.
– Great Britain controlled Malaysian tin and rubber
• In the nineteenth century, the Ottoman and
Russian empires were examples of
– nation-states.
– socialist empires.
– religious toleration.
– religious diversity.
– republican governments
• By the middle of the eighteenth century, both
China and Great Britain
– experienced population decline.
– had a network of banks and financial institutions.
– had accessible deposits of coal.
– lacked accessible water transportation.
– possessed colonies to supply raw materials.
• Which of the following was true of Latin
American society in the period 1750 to 1914?
– Society was egalitarian.
– Few migrants came to Latin America.
– Intellectuals produced works based on Latin
American values.
– Women's role in society was one of basic equality
with men.
– The Argentine gaucho enjoyed a type of
admiration equal to that of the U.S. cowboy.
• "I believe that it must be the policy of the United
States to support free peoples who are resisting
attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by
outside pressures."
• The quotation above is taken from
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–
–
–
–
the Monroe Doctrine.
the Roosevelt Corollary.
the Balfour Declaration.
the Truman Doctrine.
the Brezhnev Doctrine
• The statement in the quotation from Question
65 illustrates the policy of
– nonalignment.
– containment.
– appeasement.
– nationalism.
– brinkmanship
• Which of the following is true concerning women
in the twentieth century?
– Women were not allowed to bear arms in World War
II.
– Soviet women were expected to serve the Communist
state by staying home and bearing children.
– Women in Africa and Asia fought in wars for
independence, often gaining legal rights.
– In contrast to those in industrial societies, women in
developing nations work mainly in low-paying jobs.
– In China, Confucian values changed to raise the status
of women
• By 2009, the global economy was
characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
– increased use of alternative energy sources.
– decreased energy consumption in India and China.
– conflict over Russia's energy sources.
– decreased outsourcing in India.
– economic recession.
• Mao Zedong's government
– was unpopular with peasants.
– strengthened the Chinese economy through the
Great Leap Forward.
– enacted policies that improved the status of
women.
– created a Chinese Renaissance through the
Cultural Revolution.
– was followed by the pro-democratic policies of
Deng Xiaoping
• The terms "Prague Spring" and "velvet
revolution" are associated with government
responses to communism in
– Romania.
– Hungary.
– Czechoslovakia.
– Yugoslavia.
– Bulgaria.