Transcript Chapter 31 The Cold War By Bruno Tambasco

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Bruno Tambasco
Period 3
Mr. Marshall
AP World History
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
The Cold War began right after World War Two in 1945.
(http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/cold_war.htm 1)

It was between the United States and the Soviet Union.
(http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/cold_war.htm 1)

In 1949 the United States and countries from western Europe created the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) which made Soviet leaders feel sorrounded by hostile forces.(Bulliet 822)

The United States wanted small European nations to have free elections while the Soviet Union set up
puppet governments in those states which trigered the Cold War.(Armstrong 253)

In 1944 represetatives from the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union and China drafted
proposals that finally bore fruit in the treaty called the United Nations Charte. (Bulliet 822)

The United Nations was made up of the General Assembly, made up of representatives from all
countries and the Security Council with only five permanent members and seven rotating. (Bulliet 822)

Unlike the League of Nations, the United Nations ran on majority vote. (Bulliet 822)

Throughout the Cold War the United Nations was seldom able to forestall or quell conflicts, and it sent
peacekeepers from time to time to monitor truces or agreements. (Bulliet 822)

The World Bank was created to provide funds for reconstructing Europe and helping needy countries.
(Andrea 468)

While supply and demmand determined prices in the west, government agencies allocated goods and
set prices in the Soviet Union. (Bulliet 822)
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
In April 1948 the Marshall Plan was announced, to provide financial and economic assistance to the
nations of Western Europe. ( http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/cold_war.htm 1)

In 1948 the The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation was established to help economic
cooperation and integration throughout Europe. (Bulliet 823)

In 1970 this Organization was enlarged and changed to being called the European Community. (Bulliet
825)

Recovery in th Soviet Union was fast at first creating a structural basis for modernization and growth.
(Bulliet 825)

In the 1970s, the gap between the West and the Soviet Union widened when Soviet industry failed to
meet domestic demand for clothing, housing, food, automobiles, and consumer electronics, while agricultural
inneficiency compelled increased reliance on food imports. (Armstrong 255)

The Truman Doctrine preached Containment by supporting nations fighting Communism.(Spodek
622)

The United States forged an alliance between Canada and most of Western Europe called the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in order to prevent Soviet expansion.(Spodek 622)

The Soviet Union responded with blockades and its own alliance system with Eastern European
nations called the Warsaw Pact.(Bulliet 826)

The Soviet Union backed Communist revolutions and expansion throughout the world and in 1949, the
Soviet Union acquired nuclear weapons.(Armstrong 256)
Korea was divided into the Communist northern sector and the democratic southern sector.
Rivalries between the two sectors escalated into war with the Soviets and China supporting North Korea and
the U.S.-led United Nations force backed South Korea. The conflict ended in a stalemate continuing the
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of the Korean peninsula.(Bulliet 826)
Japan benefitted from the Korean War because the massive purchases of supplies by Americans
stimulated the Japanese economy similar to the way the Marshall Plan had stimulated Europe’s economy.
(Bulliet 828)

The most important postwar communist movement arose in Southeast Asia in a place called French
Indochina (Armstrong 257)

The Indochina Communist Party was led by Ho Chi Minh who formed the Viet Minh, who fought the
French with the help of the People’s Republic of China. (Bulliet 828)

The French stronghold of Dienbienphu fell, marking the end of France’s colonial enterprises and Ho’s
government took over the north Vietnam. (Bulliet 828)

France attempted to regain control of Indochina, but were prevented by Vietnamese nationalists. The
Geneve Conference split Vietnam into North Vietnam under the control of the Communist Viet Minh and led
by Ho Chi Minh.(Spodek 624)

This split led to many battles and conflicts between the Viet Congs and the people from Souh Vietnam.
(Armstrong 257)

President kennedy decided to support the South Vietnamese and Ngo Dinh Diem, and decided to fight
the Viet Congs. (Bulliet 828)

This led to the Vietnam War which was led by Lyndon Johnson due to Kennedy’s assassination.(Spodek
624)

In 1973, a treaty between North Vietnam and the United States ended U.S. involvement in the war and
promised future elections. (Bulliet 829)
After a decade of costly conflict, Vietnam was unified as a communist nation. Communism solidified in the
region. The U.S. suffered socially and politically at home and abroad.(Andrea 472)
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
Fear of warfare affected decisions in bothe the Korean and Vietnamese Wars. (Bulliet 829)

Fears increased even more when the United States exploded the hydrogen bomb and one year later the
Soviets did the same (Bulliet 829)

In 1954 President Eisenhower warned Soviet leaders against attacking western Europe by threatening
them. (Spodek 625)

Cuba ended decades-long relations with the United States and aligned with the Soviet Union in the
1950s.(Bulliet 829)

The United States sponsored the failed Bay of Pigs invasion. Cuba's close relationship with the USSR
nearly led to nuclear war between the U.S. and the Soviet union during the Cuban Missile Crisis in
1962.(Armstrong 258)

In 1963 Great Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to ban the testing of nuclear bombs
on the atmosphere.(Bulliet 830)

In 1968 the United States and Soviet Union signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(NPT) which was
later signed by 137 countries. (Armstrong 258)

The Helsinki Accords between 1972 and 1975 affirmed that no boundaries should be changed by military
force and called for economic, social, and governmental contacts across the iron curtain. (Bulliet 830)

During thisperiod at the end of the Cold War there was also the space race between the Soviet Union and
the United States in which they tried to be successful in launching space satellites.(Spodek 625)
The Cold War ended in peace with none of the nations firing any nuclear missiles. (Andrea 474)
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•Andrea, Alfred J., and James H. Overfield. The Human Record Volume I: To 1700 : Sources of
Global History. Fifth ed. Vol. I. Boston: Houghton Mifflin College Division, 2004.
•Armstrong, Monty, David Daniel, Abby Kanarek, and Alexandra Freer. Cracking the AP World
History Exam : 2009 Edition. Princeton: Princeton Review, 2008.
•Bulliet, Richard W., Pamela K. Crossley, Daniel R. Headrick, Steven W. Hirsch, Lyman L.
Johnson, and David Northrup. Earth and It's People Advanced Placement Version Third
Edition. Third ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin College Division, 2004.
•"Cold War." GlobalSecurity.org - Reliable Security Information. 27 Mar. 2009
<http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/cold_war.htm>.
•Spodek, Howard. The World's History, Combined. Second ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson
Education, Limited, 2000.
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