Transcript Postcolonial Crises and Asian Economic Expansion (1957

Postcolonial Crises and Asian
Economic Expansion
(1957-1991)
By: Grisel Rodriguez
•http://multimedialearning.org/presentations/present7/Slide28.jpg
• (Democratic reform in Latin America) Because of the
Cuban Revolution, the United States decided to organize
their political and military allies in Latin America to defeat
communism. Bulliet
• Revolution was stopped in Chile, Argentina and Brazil,
but it continued among other countries, Nicaragua and El
Salvador among them. Spodek
• Between 1983 and 1990 the military dictation in Brazil,
Chile and Argentina ended. Belzberg
• During the 1980s oil exporting countries like Brazil and
Mexico found themselves in economic trouble when the
price of oil fell and they couldn’t keep up with their debts.
Bulliet
• The United States had a lot of control over Latin
America, as can be demonstrated with their intervinience
in Grenada in 1983 and in Panama in 1989. Spodek
• (Islamic Revolution) The crises in Iran and Afghanistan
soon involved the superpowers; United States and the
Soviet Union. Belzberg
http://www.country-data.com/frd/cs/panama/pa03_05b.jpg
• Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi’s regiment was corrupt
and inefficient and also backed by America. Belzberg
• Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini was brought into power
and an anti-western conservative Islamic republic in Iran
was established. Bulliet
• After the blow suffered in Iran, America was unable to
take any action. In 1980Iraq’s leader Sadan Hussein
invaded Iran to destroy the Islamic Republic. Spodek
• America first supported Iran but then moved their
support to Iraq. Belzberg
• (Asian Transformation) During the 1970s and 1980s the
Japanese had great economic growth, higher than any
other country, In the 1990s average Japanese income
outstripped that of the United States. Bulliet
• The economic growth was associated with keirstsu
(alliances of firms) received government assistance in
tariffs and imports regulations that inhabited foreign
competition. Spodek
http://media.ft.com/cms/e86b7010-6e15-11dd-b5df-0000779fd18c.gif
• (The end of the bipolar war) While Ronald Reagan was
president the Soviet Union faced a great economical
strain trying to keep up with the massive U.S. spending.
Spodek
• Most of the spending done by the U.S. was pertaining to
oil, new scientific discoveries, and mainly space travel
and innovation. Belzberg
• Mikhail Gorvacher took over leadership of the Soviet
Union in 1985, he tried to introduce political openness
and economic reform. Bulliet
• The downfall of communism in Europe came in 1989
when various factors, such as a declining economy,
destroyed the basis of communism. Later in 1990
Germany was reunified. Spodek
• The weakness of the central government and the rise of
Nationalism led to the dissolution of the soviet union in
September 1991. Belzberg
• Ethnic and religious divisions also led to the
dismemberment of Yugoslavakia in 1991 and the division
of the Czech republic in 1992. Bulliet
http://www.damianieditore.com/imgcache/3a3e43c07204fbb8810a317735039bd0.jpg
• (The challenge of population growth) The population in
Europe doubled between 1850 and 1914. while some
saw this as a blessing some were worried that the
growth of the population would outstrip food supplies.
Bulliet
• Europe stopped worrying about the increase in birth rate
when new tools were made, birth control. Spodek
• The new world however promoted big families, but this
would soon become a concern in the 1970’s and 1980’s.
Belzberg
• Most of the growth around the world in the 20th century
happened in third world country where birth control was
limited and the mortality rate was plummeting. Bulliet
• The developed nations also face a high amount of
elderly citizens, which means the countries have to rely
on immigrants or technology, such as robots, to keep
their generous life style afloat. Spodek
• The developing countries face a large young and
growing population but face the problem of providing
their people with enough jobs and education. Belzberg
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/herblock/images/snatchers.jpg
• (Unequal development and Movement of people) Since 1945 the
world has produced and abundance of material, and usually the
countries above the northern hemisphere get to enjoy these, while
the one in the southern hemisphere have to make do with their own.
Belzberg
• Migration from rural areas to urban centers in development areas
increased three times from 1925 and 1950, and kept increasing
rapidly. Bulliet
• People who moved to the cities enjoyed a better income and a
higher standard of living, but soon as more people migrated within
the cities the resources to serve all its inhabitants started to run out.
Spodek
• In 1960 the global migration grew, more people were moving from
developing countries to developed countries. This created high
amounts of racial tension in the host country. Belzberg
• Immigrant communities in Europe and the United States are made
up of young people, and their birth rate surpassed that of the host
nation. Bulliet
• This will develop higher populations of Latin Americans and Asian
people in America and higher Muslim rate in Europe. This muddies
up the water on the issue of citizenship and residency. Spodek
http://www.nerc.ac.uk/images/photos/highres/earthlights.jpg
• (Technological and environmental change) After World War II the
increase in technological advances dramatically peeked do to the
high demand of goods from a growing population. Spodek
• Much of the world’s productivity was do to improvements on already
existing inventions during the 1950s and 1960s. The improvement
and wide spread of computers was crucial because it transformed
office work and manufacturing. Belzberg
• The cause of erosion and water pollution in developed countries
was do to the high increase of demand from the growing population,
having to cut down forests and marched lands. Bulliet
• There was a high increase in pollution do to the large growth of
people and the United States, the European community, and Japan
took steps to prevent further deterioration on the environment in the
1970s. Spodek
• Environmental awareness was widely spread within the media and it
rooted a lot of government action, some countries made strict
antipollution laws. Belzberg
• Thanks to these efforts which were made possible by technological
developments, the developed world helped the environment. In
developing countries however, the pressure to increase do to
demand and a weak government force them to ignore the
environmental deterioration. Bulliet
http://www.nerc.ac.uk/images/photos/highres/earthlights.jpg
Bibliography
• http://multimedialearning.org/presentations/present7/Slide28.jpg
• http://www.country-data.com/frd/cs/panama/pa03_05b.jpg
• http://media.ft.com/cms/e86b7010-6e15-11dd-b5df0000779fd18c.gif
• http://www.damianieditore.com/imgcache/3a3e43c07204fbb8810a3
17735039bd0.jpg
• http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/herblock/images/snatchers.jpg
• http://www.nerc.ac.uk/images/photos/highres/earthlights.jpg
• http://www.ifsw.org/cm_data/DisplacedPerson_04.jpg
• http://serc.carleton.edu/images/quantskills/methods/bombay2.jpg
• Bulliet, Crossley, Headrick, Hirsch, Johnson, Northrup. The Earth
and Its Peoples. A Global History. Third Edition. Boston, New York.
Houghton Mifflin Company. 2005.
• Howard Spodek. The World’s History. Second Edition. Combined
Volume. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Prentice Hall. 2001.
• Ivan Belzberg. Chapter 34 Notes. History. 2004.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/1969725/Chapter-34-Notes