Transcript Slide 1
A.P. WORLD HISTORY: THEMES S.C.R.I.P.T.E.D. SOCIAL STRUCTURES Economic, Social Classes Gender Roles, Relations Inequalities Family, Kinship Racial, Ethnic Constructs CULTURE Cultural Intellectual Arts, Architecture Family, Lifestyles Literatures RELIGION Religion World Views Philosophy Secularism, Atheism Ideologies and “isms” INTERACTIONS War, Conflict Trade, Commerce Exchanges, Migrations Diplomacy, Alliances Transnational Organizations POLITICS Nations, nationalism Empires Forms of Government Revolts, Revolutions State-building, expansion TECHNOLOGY Industry Science, Invention, Innovation Power Transportation Communication ECONOMICS Industrialization Economic Systems Capitalism, Socialism Business Organizations Labor, Labor Organizations DEMOGRAPHY Demography, Disease Human, Environment Interaction Patterns of Settlement Geography, Region Agriculture, Pastoralism SOCIAL, GENDER, WORKERS HIERARCHIES INEQUALITIES, ELITES CULTURAL: ARTS, INTELLECT RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL How does each society view, explain the world? INTERACTIONS War, Diplomacy, Exchanges POLITICS: FUNCTIONS & STRUCTURES OF STATES; REVOLUTIONS IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICS: TRADE, ECONOMIC SYSTEMS DEMOGRAPHY & ENVIRONMENT URBANIZATION, MIGRATION, ECOCIDE CHANGE & CONTINUITY A.P. WORLD HISTORY: PERIODIZATION WHAT IS PERIODIZATION? Each period is defined by specific conditions A geographical delineation that answers where Contacts and Interactions Whether indigenous or diffused, Shared characteristics Dates Increase, decrease in contacts across regions Parallel Developments When civilization contracts, shrinks geographically When civilization spreads from smaller to wider area Time is not best way to define a period Characteristics and chronology Period may occur At different time In different regions PRE-HISTORY Two Sub-Periods of the Stone Age Paleolithic Neolithic It occurred at different times in different places Chronological Component Sedentary, farming and herding Semi-Nomadic: Slash/Burn (Shifting) and Pastoralism Villages with tribal structures, families; chiefs Geographic Component Nomadic, hunting and gathering Small bands led by those with specialized hunting knowledge Paleolithic from 1 million to 8000 BCE Neolithic from 6000 BCE to 4500 BCE Technology Stone, bone and wood gave way to handicrafts, artifacts ANCIENT PERIOD Geography: River Valleys From 4,500 BCE to 1,000 BCE Begins with agricultural surpluses Leads to towns, cities, changes to hierarchy Rise of Institutions Long lasting social patterns Religion and Government Time of Technological Innovation Two Alternate Names Generally small city-states, hereditary rulers Elite classes especially warriors, priests Hearth Civilizations, Ancient River Valley Civilizations Bronze Age Civilizations Ends with rise of large, regional empires CLASSICAL PERIOD 1,000 BCE to 500 CE Iron Age Large, regional empires Military aristocracies Integrate regions Cosmopolitan Traditions Regional Civilizations Religions, Philosophies China, India, SW Asia (Cuneiform), Mediterranean Mesoamerica and Andean America Strong contacts between regional centers Many areas outside classical civilizations Ends with massive nomadic invasions POST-CLASSICAL AGE 6th century CE to 1450 CE Began with rise of Islam First trans-regional civilization Spans Eurasia and Africa Era of two great powers: Islam, China Ended due to Turks, Mongols, Black Death Characteristics Spread of universalizing religions, philosophies Saw rise of new civilization centers Buddhism, Islam, Christianity Andes, Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, SE Asia, Japan Emergence of network of global contacts Ages of Faith, Aristocracy, Age of Increasing Inequalities especially Gender EARLY MODERN ERA 1450 – 1750 CE World Shrinks All continents included in world network Global trade develops for first time Great exchanges Rise of gunpowder empires An Age of Absolutism Rise of Western Europe Religious Strife Goods, products, flora, fauna, people, germs Ideas especially European, Christianity Demographic Shifts in Americas, Eurasia MODERN AGE 1750 to 1914: “The West and the Rest” Era of massive technological change Era of many revolutions Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia USA, Japan are newest powers Dominance of Western Culture Vast trade networks Western Global Hegemony Technological Political Social Intellectual, Artistic Resistance Modernization, Industrialization, Westernization? Demographic shift; urbanization CONTEMPORARY ERA 1914 to Present “Change, Change, Change” 1914 – 1945: Europe’s Twilight 1945 – Present: Atomic Age Jihad vs. McWorld Non-State Governmental Organizations Supranationalism; Internationalism Mass culture Modernization vs. westernization Modernization vs. traditionalism Secularism vs. change Rise of new political forms The American Century, Retreat of Europe Rise of Pacific Rim, India Collapse of European empires Technology, telecommunications dominate age Demography and Environment as Major Concerns