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Napoleon
World History Chp 7 Sec 3
Adv. World History Chp 3 Sec 2
The Rise of Napoleon
Objective
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Explain how the French Revolution led
France to develop a constitutional
monarchy to democratic dictator to the
Napoleonic empire
Bell Ringer
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Why are dictators successful in seizing
control of nations?
Background
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Sent to military school
at age 10
Start in artillery as a
16 years old
lieutenant
When revolution
started he joined the
New Republic Army
His Accomplishments
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Legend began when he
put down a royalist threat
1796 he was appointed
by the Directory to be
General of the French
army against Austria
Swept into Italy and won
many victories
Became most famous
general of France
Napoleon’s Coup
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Directory quickly loses the
faith of the people
In 1799, Napoleon takes
control of France by force and
assumed a dictatorship
He became emperor by using a
plebiscite- elections where you
vote yes or no
He won with overwhelming
support France wanted a
strong leader
Through a series of victories,
Napoleon controls all most all
of Europe
Reasons for His Success
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It is a citizen army
Excellent mobility –
good cavalry & strike
and retreat tactics
They live off the land
Wear formal uniform
and look intimidating
His Domination of Europe
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By 1810, Napoleon’s empire
stretched from the Atlantic
Ocean to Russia.
As he marched across Europe
he eliminated serfdom,
introduced religious tolerance,
spread the ideas of liberty, and
equality.
Napoleon thought he was
invincible
He set up a universal law code
know as the Napoleonic Code
Napoleonic Code stress a
written and accessible law
Map
Question
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What is nationalism?
Nationalism Spreads
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Napoleon spreads idea about French
Revolution to the countries he conquered
Nationalism – loyalty to one’s own country
Shared history, culture, language, religion
and land
His First Mistake
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Cuts off trade between
Britain and rest of Europe
He thought this would
cripple Britain
However, plan backfires
when Britain formed a
blockade to stop all
French imports
This hurt France and
angered Napoleon’s Allies
His Second Mistake
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He misjudged the power
of nationalism
Nationalism inspired the
French during their
revolution, it also inspired
the Spanish & Germans
Napoleon lost over
300,000 men trying to
wipe out the guerrillas of
Spain & Germany
His Third Mistake
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Napoleon invades Russia
because the Tsar would
not stop selling grain to
Britain
He expected his grand
army to beat Russia’s
small army
However, the Russians
retreated to Moscow and
burned everything in
sight not allowing the
French army live off the
land.
Continue on 3rd Mistake
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The worst winter in
100 years hits Russia
The Russian army
completely burned
down Moscow
Napoleon lost over
400,000 men in his
retreat
An Injured Napoleon
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Sensing that Napoleon
has been fatally
weakened, Britain formed
a Grand Alliance against
France
The Alliance’s goal was to
take back all the land
Napoleon had taken
Within a year, the Alliance
had defeated France and
exiled Napoleon
The End of His Reign
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Exiled to Elba
Escaped Elba and
returned to France for
100 days
Gained a lot support and
many joined the army
British and Prussian
armies met Napoleon at
Waterloo. Napoleon and
his army was defeated
Waterloo
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Ended Napoleon’s last
bid for power
The British exiled
Napoleon to the
Island of Helena. He
died 6 years later.
Congress of Vienna
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A conference of
ambassadors of the
major powers of Europe
Its purpose was to settle
issues and redraw the
continent's political map
after the defeat of
Napoleon
Wanted peace and no
more wars
Metternich’s 3 Goals
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Believed that democracy had caused instability
1st goal- prevent future French aggression by
surrounding France with strong countries
2nd goal- wanted to restore balance of power so
no country would be a threat to others
3rd goal- restore Europe’s royal families to the
thrones had held before Napoleon’s conquest
Question for Understanding
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In textbook on page 242
Main Ideas
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