Transcript Napoleon`s empire

Chapter 23
Section 4
NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE COLLAPSES
Key Terms
 Blockade
 Continental System
 Guerilla war
 Peninsular War
 Scorched earth policy
 Waterloo
 Hundred Days
The Continental System
 Britain's economy
depended on overseas
trade
 Napoleon wanted to
disrupt trade
 Continental systemblockade prohibited
French or allied ships
from trading with
Britain
The Continental System
 British required all
neutral ships to stop in
British ports for
permission to trade
with France
 This caused other
conflicts
The Peninsular War
 Portugal share Iberian
Peninsula with Spain
 Portuguese refused to
participate in the
Continental System
 They depended on
Great Britain for trade
 Napoleon sent troops
to drive out the King
The Peninsular War
 Napoleon then
conquered Spain
 British sent troops to
Spain
 Napoleon won several
victories against the
British
 Guerilla warfare in Spain
 Attacked French troops
and camps
The Peninsular War
 French slaughtered
many innocent civilians
to punish the guerillas
 Kept French army
pinned down
 Napoleon pulled troops
from Spain
 Lost 300,000 men
Napoleon Dominates Europe
 Took control of Europe
through treaties and
alliances
 Great Britain, Portugal,
Sweden and Ottoman
Empire not controlled
 Napoleon put relatives
in power of conquered
areas
Napoleon Dominates Europe
 His brothers ruled in
Holland, Naples, and
Sicily
 His sisters and
stepsons held
important positions
The Invasion of Russia
 Czar Alexander IRussian leader
 Was Napoleon’s ally
 Refuse to stop selling
grain to Britain
 Both had competing
designs on Poland
 Napoleon decides to
invade Russia
The Invasion of Russia
• 600,000 soldiers invade
• Most soldiers were new
recruits
• Supplies were lost or
spoiled
• July heat tough on men
and horses
• Disease, desertion,
hunger thinned the
ranks
The Invasion of Russia
 Napoleon wanted a
quick victory
 Russian troops
withdrew
 Scorched Earth
peasants burned grain
and slaughtered
livestock
 French had nothing to
eat
The Invasion of Russia
 Two armies clashed at
Borodin
 Several hours of
indecisive fighting
 Russian fell back
 Napoleon takes
Moscow
The Invasion of Russia
 French army in Moscow




in September
Rather than surrender
the “Holy City”
Alexander burns it
City deserted and in
flames
Napoleon could not
support his troops
Left Moscow in October
The Invasion of Russia
• Russians forced the
French to retreat as
they entered
• Russian peasants
attacked isolated
French soldiers
• Harsh Russian winter
kills thousands
• Only 10,000 soldiers
left to fight
Napoleon Suffers Defeat
 Russia, Prussia,
Austria, Great Britain
become allies
 October 1813 met with
Napoleon
 Napoleon defeated
 Allies enter Paris in
triumph
Defeat and Exile to Elba
 Napoleon has to give
up the throne
 Keeps title of emperor
 Sent to island of Elba
 Off the coast of Italy
with 400 guards
The Hundred Days
 Allies restore French
monarchy
 Louis XVII takes the
throne
 Return France to 1792
borders
 King became
unpopular
 French feared a return
to the old ways
The Hundred Days
• After a year in exile
•
•
•
•
Napoleon escapes
Louis XVII flees to
Belgium
French had despised
Napoleon
Thousands of citizens
were excited
Troops sent to arrest
Napoleon pledged their
loyalty
The Hundred Days
 March 20, Napoleon
arrives in Paris
 People cheered
 Hundred days begins
 Hundred days- brief
period of renewed
glory for Napoleon
Battle of Waterloo
• Napoleon’s enemies
•
•
•
•
gathered for another
battle
Duke of Wellington –
British commander
June 18, 1815 armies met
at Waterloo
Prussia and Britain
combine forces
Push the French off the
battlefield
Battle of Waterloo
 French and British
suffer huge loses
 Casualties total 50,000
men
 Waterloo crushing
defeat for Napoleon
 End of the Napoleonic
Wars
Napoleon’s Final Days
 Tried to escape to
America
 Exiled to Saint Helena,
1200 miles from
mainland
 Napoleon did not
escape
 Died 6 years later at 51