Transcript From Versailles to Pearl Harbor

From Versailles to Pearl Harbor
Mrs. Pfeifer
U.S. History
Facts of WWII
• WWII cost the US $304 billion, the equivalent of more
than $3 trillion
• American industry provided almost two-thirds of all the
allied military equipment produced during the war:
– 290,000 aircraft
– 193,000 artillery pieces
– 86,000 tanks
– 2 million army trucks
WWII Facts - Continued
• In four years, American industrial
production, already the world’s largest,
doubled in size
• More than 16 million Americans served in
the armed forces during the war. The vast
majority never saw serious combat.
• During the war, 57% of those employed
outside the military were women
WWII Facts - Continued
• One million African Americans entered the
workforce during the war – 600,000 were
women
• Fifty million Americans watched newsreels
every week in one of 14,000 movie theatres
• “Rosie the Riveter” was the fictionalized
persona who represented he millions of
women who went into war work.
WWII Facts - continued
• President Roosevelt set up the Office of
Censorship right after Pearl Harbor
• Race-related riots occurred in 47 cities during the
war
• In the three years following the Battle of Midway,
the Japanese built six carriers. The US built 17
• Japanese Americans comprised 40% of Hawaii’s
population when Pearl Harbor was attacked
German Economic Collapse
1923-1932
EVENTS
• Treaty of Versailles
caused debt and
political instability
• Weimar Republic
failed to deal with
problems
• Economic problems
spread across Europe
US RESPONSE
• Isolationism – didn’t
join League of Nations
• Dawes Plan – loaned $
to Germany..but didn’t
really help
Rise of Adolph Hitler
1923-1932
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EVENTS
Hitler joins Nazi Party
1921
Munich Uprising
1923- jail- Mein
Kampf
Chancellor 1932Fuhrer 1934
military build-up
U.S. RESPONSE
• FDR prez in 1932
• FDR’s focus - solve probs
of Depression (domestic
programs NOT military)
• focused on disarmament
• Kellog- Briand Pact –
“condemned recourse to war
for the solution of
international controversies”
Fascism in Italy 1923-1945
EVENTS
• severe economic and
political probs
• Benito Mussolini and
Fascist Party – became
Prime Minister and
emphasized aggressive
imperialism
– Invaded Ethiopia
– Rome-Berlin Axis
formed 1936
US RESPONSE
• Neutrality Acts of
1935, 36 &37
• forbade sale of arms or
loans to warring
nations
• “moral embargo” on
essential goods to Italy
- few complied
The Spanish Civil War 1936
EVENTS
• Francisco Franco &
Nationalist Party Hitler and Mussolini
supported them
• Rome-Berlin Axis
formed
US RESPONSE
• Lincoln Battalion3,000 American
volunteers to help
• kept Neutrality Acts
intact, therefore NO
HELP
Rise of Militarism in Japan 1930
EVENTS
• Depression caused economic •
disaster
• Military takes control
•
• Aggression –
– 1931Manchuria-Japan leaves
the League
– 1937 Rape of Nanjing- 300,000
killed, 20,000 Chinese women
raped
US RESPONSE
Stimson Doctrine - moral
lecture targeting Japan’s
actions
Quarantine Speechemphasized the need to
contain fascist aggression
but no military action to
back it up
Violation and Appeasement
1936-1939
EVENTS
• 1936 reoccupation of
Rhineland, 1938 Austria
annexed
• Sudetenland = Munich
Pact
• Violation of Pact
• 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact
• Invasion of Poland – War
begins Sept. 1, 1939
US RESPONSE
• no more Neutrality
Acts
• cash and carry – must
buy American goods
and transport it
themselves
• 1940 peacetime draft
US Support of Britain
EVENTS
• Britain isolated by
1940
• Atlantic CharterWinston Churchill and
FDR draw up war
aims
US RESPONSE
• Lend-lease Act 1941
– transfer military
equipment to nations
whose defense was
considered vital to US
– “arsenal of democracy”
• German attacks on US
destroyers – used convoy
system and eventually
armed merchant ships
Japanese Aggression Continues
• Territorial expansion- • EMBARGO!!!
threatened US supplies
– Stopped exporting oil,
rubber, steel and etc.
of natural resources
– Japan desperately
• Hideki Tojo - Prime
needed these items to
Minister 1941 =
wage war
continued aggression
– Froze Japanese assests
• offered to negotiate
in American banks
but secretly planned
– Sent loans and other
attack
aid to China
• moved Pacific fleet to
Japan Attacks!!!!
• Japanese attack was not unexpected
• secret attack led by Tojo
• Pearl Harbor was destroyed on Dec 7, 1941
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sank/badly damaged 8 American battleships
damaged 10 others
188 planes destroyed
2300 Americans killed
3 aircraft carriers were saved by being ouside
the harbor
Navy sailor, Dorie Miller, a ship’s cook, manned an antiaircraft gun
during the attack on Pearl Harbor. He shot down four enemy planes.
Outcome of the Attack
• By attacking Pearl Harbor, the Japanese hoped to
destroy the US Pacific Fleet.
• Although the Japanese inflicted major damage,
they failed to destroy the fuel depot that served the
fleet.
• They also failed to sink any aircraft carriers,
which were not in Pearl Harbor at the time.
• The next day, Roosevelt asked Congress to declare
war on Japan. Three days later Germany and Italy
declared war on the US