Transcript The Cold War (1945 * 1989)

The Cold War (1945 –
1989)
Conflicts and Reconstruction - 2015
1. Consequences of WW2 or
Causes of the Cold War
1945 – 1946: Nuremberg trials (Germany)
Hermann Goering, politician and one of the most ranked military leader of the 3rd Reich, during the trials
1. Consequences of WW2 or
Causes of the Cold War
1945 – 1946: Nuremberg trials (Germany)
Nazi leaders are tried for crimes against humanity
Trials also in Japan and Italy
Doc: Testimony of R. Hoess
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/nurembe
rg/hoesstest.html
1. Consequences of WW2 or
Causes of the Cold War
Roosevelt: Self Determination of Eastern Countries
April 1945: United Nations
July 1945: Potsdam Conference
Newly Elected Truman: Free Elections
Stalin: « A freely elected government in any of these East
European countries would be Anti-Soviet, and that we
cannot allow »
March 1946: Churchill - « An iron curtain has
descended across the continent »
2. The Balance of Powers
Europe after 1945
The soviet army remains
in the freed areas, Romania,
Poland, Bulgray, Hungary
Nato: 1949
Warsaw Pact: 1955
2. The Balance of Powers
Berlin:
4 zones
Blockade of
West Berlin 1948
Unification of
West Germany in
1949) (Federal Rep.
Of Germany)
East Germany:
German Democratic
Republic
2. The Balance of Powers
The Truman Doctrine (1947) – warning of Communist
Expansion => provide money to these countries
Marshall Plan (June 1947) – or European Recovery Plan.
Soviet countries refused
Policy of « Containment » (July 1947): Keep communism
within the countrie’s borders.
COMECON (Council for Mutual Assistance), 1949, Soviet
Union. Failed.
2. The Balance of Powers
Marshall Plan (June 1947) – or European Recovery
Plan.
This cartoon of 18 June
1947 by EH Shepard for
the British magazine
Punch
shows Truman and
Stalin as two taxidrivers trying to get
customers.
The 'customers' are
labelled 'Turkey',
'Hungary', 'Bulgaria',
'Austria'
2. The Balance of Powers
The Arms Race
1949: Soviet Union – Atomic Bomb
50’s: Hydrogen Bomb (URSS / U.S.)
Concept: Deterrence
Space conquest:
1957: Sputnik 1. (USSR)
…
1969: Man on the Moon. (U.S.)
Military base in outer space?
3. The main conflicts
Conflicts ara characterized
for being involved USA
&USSR but not face to face.
Korea War
1951 – 1953
Before1945 it was
occupied by Japan. After
it was divided by the USSR
(North Korea) and USA
(South Korea) through
parallel 38.
North Korea invaded
South Korea.
USA achieved that the UN
supported the intervention.
http://www.carlosvalenzuela.cl/cms/images/stories/guerra-de-corea.gif
3. The main conflicts
Cuban Missiles Crisis
Fidel Castro: represented
a threat to USA interests.
USA sanctions Cuba with an
economic embargo and
exclusion of the OAS.
Castro starts flirting with USSR.
1962
USA discovered Soviet
presence in Cuba.
Kennedy approved
“Defensive 40 days”
Blocking the island.
Naval and air units..
Negotiation between
the two powerful
countries.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_TKt69RfQlE8/TQpXHPccMwI/AAAA
AAAAAFE/F3QqCAaPnqk/s1600/Crisis+de+los+Misiles.png
3. The main conflicts
Vietnam War
1964 - 1975
USA bombed naval
bases and pipelines in
North Vietnma.
North Vietnam
attacked American
boats in the Tonkin Gulf.
Two sides
North Vietnam and the
communist warlords of
SourVietnam supported by
the USSR.
South Vietnam supported
by USA.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_9B9J9jk3lHQ/TB7aa81C_HI/AAAAA
AAAAFc/ta49oJDL6O8/s1600/guerra+de+vietnam.jpg
3. The main conflicts
And many others!
First Indochina War (1946-1954)
Mongolian Revolution (1990)
Suez Canal Crisis (1956)
Chilean Coup d’état (1973)
…
…
…
4. Germany
Adenauer
1949 – 1963
August 13, 1961: Wall
Cooperation with the
West.
Unification of the 3
western zones.
Economic miracle
Unemployment to
0.4%
4. Germany
Brandt
Social democratic
party
1969
West and East
Germany working
“together”
Economic, cultural
and personal.
Reunification:
1989: Fall of the wall
1990: Reunification
5. The Fall of the Soviet
Union - Activity