Transcript Nazi Germany

The Transformation of Germany into the New Nazi Order
NAZI GERMANY
End of World War I
End of World War I
1. At the end of World War I, the Allies (Britain,
France & the U.S.A.) were victorious. They
forced defeated Germany to sign the Treaty of
Versailles. The treaty made Germany…
 Accept blame for the war.
 Pay for the war.
 Give back conquered lands.
 Limit the size of its military.
End of World War I
2. What was the effect of the Treaty of Versailles on
the German people?
End of World War I
2. What was the effect of the Treaty of Versailles on
the German people? Germans were humiliated,
angry, & vengeful.
 Germans wanted Germany to assume its rightful
place at the top of world politics once again.
 Germans remembered the “good old days” before
W.W.I when Germany was a superpower & treated
with respect, not with scorn & ridicule.
End of World War I
3. What was the effect of the Treaty of Versailles on the
German economy?
End of World War I
3. What was the effect of the Treaty of Versailles on the
German economy? It crippled the economy due to
reparation payments.
 Germany’s economy did not recover quick enough to
make payments on time, so….
 The U.S. setup the Dawes Plan that would…
End of World War I
3. What was the effect of the Treaty of Versailles on the
German economy? It crippled the economy due to
reparation payments.
 Germany’s economy did not recover quick enough to
make payments on time, so….
 The U.S. setup the Dawes Plan that would…
 Loan money to Germany to rebuild its economy & repay the
Allies.
 This created a loan cycle between the U.S., Germany, & the Allies.
 The Dawes Plan led to economic recovery in Allied nations, but
Germany was still poor & weak as all its money went to the
Allies.
End of World War I
 As France & Britain grew strong once more
throughout the 1920’s, Germany suffered from…
 Shortages.
 All the best products were shipped to the Allies.
 Hyper-inflation.
 Money was printed nonstop to pay the Allies, which caused
Germany currency (mark) to be worthless.
 Unemployment.
 Most Germans were out of work & angry at Germany’s
weakness.
End of World War I
End of World War I
4. The Allied Powers broke apart Germany’s Empire & forced it
to accept…
 A new constitution, a new GOV, & democracy.
 The German Empire was gone, the Weimar Republic was born.
 The German people disliked these changes because they
wanted…
End of World War I
4. The Allied Powers broke apart Germany’s Empire & forced it
to accept…
 A new constitution, a new GOV, & democracy.
 The German Empire was gone, the Weimar Republic was born.
 The German people disliked these changes because they
wanted…
 A strong leader, not cooperation & democracy.
 Revenge on their enemies, not peace & debt.
End of World War I
4. The Allied Powers broke apart Germany’s Empire & forced it
to accept…
 A new constitution, a new GOV, & democracy.
 The German Empire was gone, the Weimar Republic was born.
 The German people disliked these changes because they
wanted…
 A strong leader, not cooperation & democracy.
 Revenge on their enemies, not peace & debt.
 A GOV that would restore Germany’s empire & glory.
 The Weimar Republic was blamed for all of Germany’s problems; the
group that would correct these problems was…
The National Socialist Party
1. The National Socialist Party
was created in the early
1920’s and was a political
party that believed in…
The National Socialist Party
1. The National Socialist Party
was created in the early
1920’s and was a political
party that believed in…
 German “Aryan” superiority.
 Conquest & removal of
“inferior races” by the “master
race”.
 Control under die Fuhrer.
 Wer ist die Fuhrer?
The National Socialist Party
 A brief history of Hitler’s life
before Nazism.
2. Adolf Hitler wanted to…
The National Socialist Party
 A brief history of Hitler’s life
before Nazism.
2. Adolf Hitler wanted to…
 Overthrow the Weimar
Republic.
 Restore German strength &
influence.
The National Socialist Party
 A brief history of Hitler’s life
before Nazism.
2. Adolf Hitler wanted to…
 Overthrow the Weimar
Republic.
 Restore German strength &
influence.
 Rebuild the German military.
 Rule Europe as a totalitarian
dictator.
The National Socialist Party
3. Hitler’s first attempt at
revolution occurred in 1923
during the Beer Hall Putsch.
In this…
 Hitler proclaimed the
overthrow of Weimar
Republic.
 His followers & he were
beaten by the police as they
exited the beer hall.
 Hitler was imprisoned for
one year.
The National Socialist Party
4. While in jail, Hitler created
his masterpiece that would
change the face of history
forever: Mein Kampf (My
Struggle). In it, he
outlined…
The National Socialist Party
4. While in jail, Hitler created
his masterpiece that would
change the face of history
forever: Mein Kampf (My
Struggle). In it, he
outlined…
 Germany’s destiny as the
master race.
 The reasons for
Germany’s weaknesses.
 Transforming Germany
into a new Nazi order.
The National Socialist Party
5. Once released, Hitler set
about…
 Gaining political power from
elections.
 From 1925-1932, the Nazi Party
grew from 800 members to
800,000.
The National Socialist Party
5. Once released, Hitler set
about…
 He accomplished this electoral
& party gain through speeches,
marches, & public appearances
in which he promised peace,
security, & prosperity.
 He also depended on his Brown
Shirts (thugs who supported
Hitler) to eliminate threats to
him.
The National Socialist Party
Hitler’s Consolidation of Power
1. With the elections of 1932, the
Nazi Party won a majority of
the seats in the German
government. As a result…
 Hitler was appointed Chancellor
in January 1933.
 Chancellor was the 2nd highest
position in the Republic just
below President Hindenburg.
 Once Hindenburg was gone,
Hitler would have total control.
 But first he needed to
consolidate power & destroy his
enemies.
Hitler’s Consolidation of Power
2. Hitler would achieve power &
control as a result of the
Reichstag Fire in Feb. 1933.
 Legislature was burned down &
the GOV left shaken.
Hitler’s Consolidation of Power
2. Hitler would achieve power &
control as a result of the
Reichstag Fire in Feb. 1933.
 Legislature was burned down &
the GOV left shaken.
 The Nazi Party arrested the
supposed perpetrator: a Polish
Communist Jew.
 Hitler announced that Germany
was under attack by radical
terrorists.
 Unless he received emergency
powers, Germany would fall into
chaos.
Marinus van der Lubbe
Hitler’s Consolidation of Power
3. The German government
passed the Enabling Act in
March 1933. This gave Hitler…
 Unlimited emergency powers
to maintain law & order.
 With unlimited power, Hitler…
Hitler’s Consolidation of Power
3. The German government
passed the Enabling Act in
March 1933. This gave Hitler…
 Unlimited emergency powers
to maintain law & order.
 With unlimited power, Hitler…
 Suspended civil rights &
murdered thousands of
Communists.
 Banned all other political
parties.
 Absorbed the powers of the
branches in GOV.
Hitler’s Consolidation of Power
4. Hitler’s next step was to
eliminate threats to his
authority from within the GOV
& the Nazi Party. This was
achieved during the Night of
the Long Knives (July 1934).
Hitler & the conspirators of the
Night of the Long Knives.
Hitler’s Consolidation of Power
4. Hitler’s next step was to
eliminate threats to his
authority from within the GOV
& the Nazi Party. This was
achieved during the Night of
the Long Knives (July 1934).
 Over 80 GOV & Nazi Party
officials were murdered.
 They were murdered either due to
their opposition to Hitler’s plans or
popularity.
 Anyone as popular as Hitler was
seen as a threat & removed.
Hitler’s Consolidation of Power
5. When Paul von Hindenburg
died in August 1934…
 Hitler was left in charge w/
total control.
 Hitler fused the Chancellery &
Presidency together to form
his new title…
Hitler’s Consolidation of Power
5. When Paul von Hindenburg
died in August 1934…
 Hitler was left in charge w/
total control.
 Hitler fused the Chancellery &
Presidency together to form
his new title Die Fuhrer.
 Hitler then proclaimed the
Third Reich.
 His next step was the total
transformation of Germany
into a perfect Nazi society.
Nazi Germany
1. Transforming Germany
society began with creating
the upper echelon of the
Nazi order. Hitler
appointed…
Nazi Germany
1. Transforming Germany
society began with creating
the upper echelon of the
Nazi order. Hitler
appointed…
 Hermann Goring as the head
of Luftwaffe.
 Goring supervised the building &
planning of the Air Force.
 He was considered Hitler’s
second-in-command (his chosen
successor) & planned most of the
air campaigns of W.W.II.
Nazi Germany
 Rudolph Hess as Deputy
Fuhrer & Party Head.
 Hess created Nazi laws to control
Germany.
 He was considered Hitler’s thirdin-command, introduced him at
rallies & speeches, and was the
chief creator of the Nuremberg
Laws.
Nazi Germany
 Reinhart Heydrich as the head
of the Gestapo.
 Heydrich supervised the use of
fear & violence to control
society.
 The Gestapo (secret police)
removed political threats to Nazi
control of Germany.
Nazi Germany
 Heinrich Himmler as the head
of Schutzstaffel (S.S.).
 This was the elite Nazi special
forces.
 He would be in charge of special
operations, protecting Hitler, &
concentration camps.
Nazi Germany
 Joseph Goebbels as Minister of
Propaganda.
 Goebbels supervised the
production of pro-Nazi images,
films, pictures, & propaganda.
 His job was to build the Nazi cult
of personality & spread Nazi
ideas.
Nazi Germany
2. Next Hitler assumed control of
all organizations in Germany.
His goal was to…
 Spread the Nazi message of
racial purity & German
superiority.
 Goebbels required all public places
to have Nazi/Hitler images.
Nazi Germany
2. Next Hitler assumed control of
all organizations in Germany.
His goal was to…
 Spread the Nazi message of
racial purity & German
superiority.
 Goebbels required all public places
to have Nazi/Hitler images.
 This included the creation of
the Hitler Youth program. His
goal was to…
 Create a youth following to grow
up into members of the S.S..
The Hitler Youth emphasized German
heritage, strength, intelligence, & loyalty
above all else.
Nazi Germany
Who did this belong to?
What is this?
Nazi Germany
What do we notice in this
poster?
What are these posters telling
us?
Nazi Germany
3. Hitler then worked on his
public image by attending
public ceremonies. His goal
was to…
 Appear in the public eye as a
man of action, actively
strengthening Germany.
Nazi Germany
4. Pro-Nazi propaganda
blanketed German society.
His goal was to…
 Build his COP by becoming the
savior of Germany.
 Nazi propaganda took the
form of posters, pictures,
writings, films, education, &
even household items.
 Propaganda appeared everywhere
& anywhere.
 Let’s watch a cartoon on
transforming German society!
Nazi Germany
Why a stamp?
And you thought our school
had rules…
Nazi Germany
What is this poster telling us?
What symbols do we see?
Nazi Germany
What is this?
What is this?
Nazi Germany
What is this?
What is this?
Nazi Germany
5. Hitler led massive
gatherings each called the
Nuremberg Rallies inviting
hundreds of thousands of
Germans to attend. His goal
was to…
 Announce new goals &
spread the Nazi message.
 Each year the rally got
bigger & bigger.
Nazi Germany
 Let’s watch Hitler most famous speech at
one of his rallies: Triumph of Will!
 As you watch, look for these common themes:
 Germany Unity & Purity.
 Racial Superiority.
 Social Hierarchy.
 Struggle, War, & Prosperity.
 Loyalty to the Party, Hitler.
Nazi Germany
Nuremberg Rally 1936
Nazi Germany
Nuremberg Rally 1937
Nuremberg Rally 1937
Nazi Germany
Nuremberg Rally 1938
•Let’s watch a video clip of the rallies!
Nuremberg Rally 1938
Nazi Germany
6. Hitler revived the German
economy through building
new factories & putting the
unemployed to work. His
goal was to…
 Bring prosperity through work
& build a strong military for
the coming war.
 Businesses had to meet GOV
quotas of military equipment;
good for peace, but not in war.
 The people were happy as they
had jobs & the Fuhrer was
happy as he rebuilt the military.
Nazi Germany
7. Lastly, Hitler unleashed a
wave of anti-Semitism &
anti-minority tactics across
Germany. His goal was to…
 Demonize Jews & other
“inferiors”, isolating &
arresting them.
 Hitler wanted racial purity & saw
these people as cancers in a
healthy organic society.
 Hitler blamed the Jews for
Germany’s loss in W.W.I, using
them a scapegoat.
Nazi Germany
What is going here?
What is this?
Nazi Germany
8. Hitler then passed the
Nuremberg Laws. These
laws…
 Abolished civil rights for
Jews.
 Forced the Jews to wear
armbands.
 Restricted the movement of
Jews.
Nazi Germany
 Hitler wanted to separate
“undesirables” from the “Aryan
Master race”. He did this
through another simple design:
colored triangles.
 Grundfarben - basic colors
 Abzeichen für Rückfällige - badges




for recidivists (repeat offenders?)
Strafkomp / Strafkompanie criminal associates (those who
keep company with them)
Raffeschänder / Raffeschänderin /
Rassenschänder - race defilers
Fluchtverdächtigt /
Fluchtverdächtiger - Fleeing
suspects
Häftlingsnummer - inmate number
Nazi Germany
9. Lastly, Hitler spread violence &
fear among the Jewish
population during Kristallnacht
(Night of Broken Glass):
 A nation-wide campaign of violence
& destruction against the Jews.
Let’s watch a video clip about the Night
of Broken Glass!
Nazi Germany
10. By early 1939, Hitler had developed a new
program that would put the “Jewish Question” to
rest. This was called The Final Solution. This was
to be…


The mass extermination of Jews & other “undesirable”
races by the Nazis.
While most of the minorities had left Germany by 1939,
the start of World War II in September would bring
millions of “undesirables” under Nazi control. The
Holocaust would last from 1940 to 1945.