Transcript World History from World War I to World War II

World Wars Unit
World War I (1914-1918)
World War II (1939-1945)
American Wars
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American Revolution (1775-1783)
War of 1812 (1812-1815)
Mexican War (1846-1848)
U.S. Civil War (1861-1865)
Spanish-American War (1898)
World War I (1917-1918)
World War II (1941-1945)
Korean War (1950-1953)
Vietnam War (1953-1975)
American Wars (continued)
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Persian Gulf War (1990-1991)
War in Afghanistan (2001-Present)
Iraq War (2003-2011)
Causes of World War I
1. Nationalism – Pride in one’s country
Causes of World War I
2. Entangled Alliances – agreements
between nations to protect each
other.
Causes of World War I
3. Militarism
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Arms races between nations
Built up to intimidate other nations
Russian army had over 1,000,000
Germany and France had 900,000
each
4. Imperialism – Stronger countries
taking over smaller ones
The Spark
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Assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
• From Austria-Hungary & was visiting
Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia.
• He was assassinated by terrorists of
Serbia who wanted Bosnia to break
from A-H and join Serbia
The Spark
Gavrilo
Princip
Franz Ferdinand & his wife
Serbian
Assassin
Central Powers vs Allied
Powers
Central Powers
GERMANY
 AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
 OTTOMAN
EMPIRE
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Allied Powers
FRANCE
 BRITAIN
 RUSSIA
 ITALY
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Conditions on the Front in WWI
1.
New Weapons Utilized
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Machine Guns
Poison gas (Mustard Gas)
Tanks
Airplanes & U-Boats (Submarines)
Conditions on the Front in WWI
2.
Trench Warfare
• “No Man’s Land”
• Disease and influenza
Battle of Ypres
“Legends of the Fall”
https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=VYWlhwmxg7g
First Three Years of the War
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Deadly battles were fought w/
nothing to show but a stalemate.
A stalemate is a deadlock in which
neither side is strong enough to
defeat the other.
America Joins the War
US Army
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President Woodrow Wilson gets
declaration of war from Congress
Entire army led by General Pershing
Industrial power of the U.S. changes
the course of the war
Shortly after joining the war,
Germany seeks peace
World War I Casualties
10,000,000
9,000,000
8,000,000
7,000,000
6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
Russia
Germany
Austria-Hungary
France
Great Britain
Italy
Turkey
US
Effects of World War I
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Treaty of Versailles
-Establishment of League of Nations
-German reparations : King Wilhelm II
steps down
• Over 9 million dead – known as the
Lost Generation
*America seen as a power to be dealt
with after the war.
WWI - End of Empires
Hapsburg Dynasty (Germany & Austria)
 Romanov’s
(Russian Czars)
 Ottoman Empire
(Middle East)
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Family of Czar Nicholas II –
last of the Romanov Rulers of
Russia
The Russian Revolution
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1917—Workers revolt
against the Czar -Bolsheviks take over
Russia and begin a
socialist system under
Vladimir Lenin.
Allied countries (Great
Britain, France, Japan
and the United States)
send troops to support
anti-communist
forces, but communist
forces eventually
prevail.
The Soviet Union
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1922 --Lenin establishes the Soviet
Union (USSR)
The Rise of Joseph Stalin
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1924—Lenin dies–
Several leaders
struggle for power
including Leon Trotsky
and Joseph Stalin.
Eventually, Stalin
seizes power and
becomes a dictator
over USSR—imposing
a totalitarian state.
He begins a Five Year
Plan to increase
industrialization and
collectivize agriculture
in the Soviet Union.
The Red Scare
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After the Russian Revolution, fear of a
similar revolution in the United States by
communists from Russia led to a period
known as the Red Scare.
This led to increase fear of immigrants
and restrictions on immigration were
passed by Congress.
New Leaders Emerge
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In Italy, a new fascist
government emerged
in 1922 under Benito
Mussolini. He rose
to power using
propaganda, brutality,
and intimidation—
promoting an ultranationalist Italy and
himself as Il Duce
(“the Leader”).
Fascism in Germany
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In 1921, Adolf Hitler took
control of the National
Socialist German Worker’s
Party—better known as the
Nazis.
He became chancellor of
Germany in 1933 and
eventually claimed the title
Fuhrer (guide of Germany)
and established himself as
dictator over the Third
Reich.
Leadership in Japan
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Japanese Emperor
Hirohito began his
reign in Japan in
1926. He did not
exercise absolute
control over the
government.
Instead, an army
general, Hideki Tojo,
assumed the role of
Japan’s premier –
leading it through
World War II.
Authoritarian Government
and Totalitarianism
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Authoritarian Government - is ruled by a
single person or party interested in
political power.
Totalitarianism - is a government which
seeks to control not only political power,
but the economy, culture, and social life.
These governments often use terror and
fear--utilizing propaganda and controlling
access to information such as the press
and education. (Examples: Italy,
Germany, & USSR)
Aggression in Asia
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1931—Japan
Invades Manchuria
Japan leaves the
League of Nations
By 1938, Japan
has control of
major cities along
Chinese coast
German Expansion
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Hitler begins rebuilding German military
and marches troops into the Rhineland
(lost in WWI)
Germany annexes Austria and claims
parts of the Sudetenland
Great Britain and France pursue policy of
appeasement—rather than challenge
Hitler’s aggression
In 1939, Hitler invades Poland
Britain and France declare war on
Germany—thus beginning World War II
The Holocaust
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Hitler’s policy of Nazi racism
targeted Jewish people and
fed on European antisemitism (racism against
Jews)
Hitler viewed Jews as a
national enemy and began
implementing his Final
Solution—elimination of
Jewish people by sending
them to concentration camps
as slave laborers and then
executing them in gas
chambers
The extermination of nearly 6
million Jews, as well as
Gypsies, Slavs, and other
people deemed undesirable
came to be known as the
Holocaust
World War II --1940
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Germany invades and takes control of:
Denmark, Norway, Belgium,
Netherlands and France
Begin “blitzkrieg” of Britain; nightly
bombing raids
British Royal Air Force help fight off
German air assault and prevent invasion.
Axis Powers
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1940,Germany, Italy and Japan form an
alliance known as the Axis Powers
US Neutrality before World War II
1935— Neutrality Act passed by
Congress to stay out of European
conflicts
 1940 -- U.S. imposes embargo on
Japan after its invasion of China
 March, 1941– Congress passes
Lend-Lease Act to allow President
Roosevelt to send aid to Great Britain
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Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
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Dec. 7th 1941—Japan launches surprise
attack on U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii
U.S. joins Allies in World War II
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After Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declares war on
Japan and joins Allies (Great Britain, USSR,
and French resistance) against the Axis
Powers
Women join domestic war effort
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Many women filled
industrial jobs that
had been held by
men who were
sent overseas
A popular symbol
of these women
was Rosie the
Riveter
Suspicion of Germans, Italians and
Japanese in U.S.
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Since the U.S. was
at war with these
countries,
suspicion of
citizens with
origins in
Germany, Italy and
Japan led to their
removal to remote
internment
camps.
Allied Powers meet at Tehran
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In 1943, leaders of
the three major
Allied Powers
(Churchill—Britain,
Roosevelt--US,
Stalin-- USSR)
met in the Tehran
Conference to
discuss plans for
defeating Germany
D-Day
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June 6, 1944 - The
amphibious invasion
of Normandy
(occupied by Nazis)
named Operation
Overlord –headed
by supreme allied
commander Dwight
D. Eisenhower
Germany Surrenders
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German power pushed back to Berlin
With Russian and American Armies
approaching Berlin, Hitler commits
suicide in his bunker on April 30,
1945
German officers surrender on May 8,
1945
Known as V-E Day (Victory Europe
Day)
The Atomic Bomb
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Led by Robert Oppenheimer,
the Manhattan Project
successfully produced two
Atomic bombs at Los
Alamos, New Mexico (called
Fat Man and Little Boy)
On August 6th, 1945, the first
Atomic bomb is dropped on
Hiroshima, Japan
Three days later, a second
bomb exploded over
Nagasaki
Japan surrendered on August
14th, 1945—thus ending
World War II and beginning
the Atomic Age