Transcript World War I * 1914-1918

World War I – 1914-1918
• Also known as the Great War or The War to
End All Wars
• Causes
• 1. Militarism
• 2. Alliances – balance of power
• 3. Nationalism
• 4. Imperialism
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• Assassination – Spark that ignited the war
Opposing Sides
• Triple Alliance/Central
Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Italy – switches sides in
1915
• Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
joins in 1914
• Bulgaria joins in 1915
• Triple Entente/Allied
Powers
• England
• France
• Russia
• Italy – in 1915
• Japan joins in 1914
• United States joins in
1917
Event that started the War
• June 28, 1914 – Archduke
Franz Ferdinand of
Austria-Hungary and his
wife are assassinated in
Sarajevo, Bosnia by
Serbian Nationalists –
Pan-Slavic movement –
The Black Hand
• Mobilization – preparing
your military for war
Gavrilo Princip
1914-1916
• First Modern War
• New weapons – Machine guns, poison gas, airplanes,
submarines, giant artillery, flamethrowers, (tanks –
in 1917)
• Early Battles – First Battle of the Marne - 1914
Trench Warfare – war was stagnant for this period
with the battleline moving very little – stalemate
No Man’s Land – area between the trenches
German U-boats – tried to cut off Europe from
supplies
Battle of Verdun – 1916 – 1.25 million casualties
• Battle of the Somme – 1916 – 1 million casualties
German Maxim Machine Gun
Vickers Machine Gun
Lewis Machine Gun
Big Bertha
American Rail Gun
German Artillery
Spad VII
Sopwith Pup
Nieuport 28
Baron Manfred Von Richtofen
“The Red Baron”
Gas Bombs Exploding
Mustard Gas Victim
U.S. Marines Wearing Gas Masks
German Submarine (U-boat) U-14
No Man’s Land
Trench Warfare
Dugouts
Trench Foot
Trench system from the Air
Soldiers Attacking – “Going Over the Top”
Dead German Soldiers
Dead Allied Soldiers
Before
After
Allied Tanks
Nicholas II
David Lloyd George
George Clemenceau
U.S. Neutrality
• Isolationism – President Woodrow Wilson
• Events that caused U.S. to go to war
• 1. German submarine warfare – Lusitania – Germans
were attacking U.S. shipping
• U.S. loaned Allies large amounts of money
• 2. Sussex Pledge
• 3. Zimmerman Telegram
• United States declares war on Central Powers on
April 6, 1917
Preparing For War
• Committee on Public Information – raised public
support for war
• Selective Service Act – drafted over 3 million men
• African-Americans – 370,000 served – still
segregated – fought with the French army
• Women – 25,000 served – interpreters, nurses,
clerks, “Hello Girls” (telephone operators) – 1 million
women joined the work force in America
• Liberty Bonds - $20 Billion
• War Industries Board
• Sedition Act of 1918
Propaganda Posters
Selective Service Act
Black soldiers in World War 1
Women In World War 1
Liberty Bonds
Victory Gardens
• American Expeditionary Force – AEF – John J.
Pershing
• 1917 – Russia surrenders – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• Bolshevik Revolution in Russia – Communists take
over - Nicholas II, Vladimir Lenin
• Famous battles for Americans
• 1. Chateau-Thierry
• 2. Belleau Wood
• 3. Second Battle of the Marne – turning point of war,
Germans last attack
• 4. Saint-Mihiel
• November 11, 1918 – Armistice (truce) ends the
fighting – Armistice Day/Veterans Day
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30 million deaths – 112,000 American
$330 billion
Fourteen Points – Woodrow Wilson’s plan
League of Nations
Self-determination – people decide their own
political status
Treaty of Versailles – set stage for World War II by
punishing Germany excessively
Germans had to pay reparations – payments for
damages - $33 billion
Germans had to give up territory
Germans had to give up their military
U.S. Senate refuses to agree to League of Nations
and Treaty of Versailles – America becomes
isolationist again
Woodrow Wilson
John J. Pershing
Wilhelm II
Franz Joseph I
Vladimir Lenin
Adolf Hitler