Transcript World War I – 1914-1918

World War I – 1914-1918
• Also known as the Great War or The War
to End All Wars
Causes
1. Nationalism
2. Imperialism
3. Militarism
4. Entangling Alliances – balance of
power
Opposing Sides
Triple Alliance/Central
Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Italy – switches sides
in 1915
• Ottoman Empire
(Turkey) joins in 1914
• Bulgaria joins in 1915
•
•
•
•
•
•
Triple Entente/Allied
Powers
England
France
Russia
Italy – in 1915
Japan joins in 1914
United States joins in
1917
Event that started the War
• June 28, 1914 –
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand of AustriaHungary and his wife are
assassinated in Sarajevo,
Bosnia by Serbian
Nationalists – Pan-Slavic
movement – The Black
Hand
• Mobilization – preparing
your military for war
1914-1916
• First Modern War
• New weapons – Machine guns, poison gas,
airplanes, submarines, giant artillery,
flamethrowers, (tanks – in 1917)
• Early Battles – First Battle of the Marne - 1914
• Trench Warfare – war was stagnant for this
period with the battleline moving very little –
stalemate
• No Man’s Land – area between the trenches
• German U-boats – tried to cut off Europe from
supplies
• Battle of Verdun – 1916 – 1.25 million casualties
• Battle of the Somme – 1916 – 1 million
casualties
German Maxim Machine Gun
Vickers Machine Gun
Lewis Machine Gun
Big Bertha
American Rail Gun
German Artillery
Spad VII
Sopwith Pup
Neuport 28
Baron Manfred Von Richtofen
“The Red Baron”
Gas Bombs Exploding
Mustard Gas Victim
U.S. Marines Wearing Gas Masks
German Submarine (U-boat) U-14
No Man’s Land
Trench Warfare
Trench Foot
Trench system from the Air
Soldiers Attacking – “Going Over the Top”
Dead German Soldiers
Dead Allied Soldiers
Before
After
Allied Tanks
U.S. Neutrality
• Isolationism – President Woodrow Wilson
• Events that caused U.S. to go to war
1. German submarine warfare – Lusitania –
Germans were attacking U.S. shipping
2. U.S. loaned Allies large amounts of money
3. Sussex Pledge
4. Zimmerman Telegram
United States declares war on Central Powers
on April 6, 1917
Preparing For War
• Committee on Public Information – raised public
support for war
• Selective Service Act – drafted over 3 million
men
• African-Americans – 370,000 served – still
segregated – fought with the French army
• Women – 25,000 served – interpreters, nurses,
clerks, “Hello Girls” (telephone operators) – 1
million women joined the work force in America
• Liberty Bonds - $20 Billion
• War Industries Board
Propaganda Posters
• American Expeditionary Force – AEF –
John J. Pershing
• 1917 – Bolshevik Revolution in Russia –
Communists take over, Russia surrenders
Famous battles for Americans
1. Chateau-Thierry
2. Belleau Wood
3. Second Battle of the Marne – turning
point of war, Germans last attack
4. Saint-Mihiel
November 11, 1918 – Armistice (truce)
ends the fighting
• 30 million deaths – 112,000 American
• $330 billion
Fourteen Points – Woodrow Wilson’s plan
• League of Nations
• Self-determination – people decide their
own political status
• Treaty of Versailles – set stage for World
War II by punishing Germany excessively
1. Germans had to pay reparations –
payments for damages - $33 billion
2. Germans had to give up territory
3. Germans had to give up their military
Adolf Hitler
Woodrow Wilson
John J. Pershing