Transcript WWII - cloudfront.net

The US
&
World War II
Chapter 17 review
Warm-up Question:
• What steps did the U.S. take to try and
support the Allies before entering WWII?
Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941
WWII Military Strategies
• Main Strategies
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unconditional surrender
an eventual second front by invading Europe
victory in Europe first.
Then onto the Pacific.
The War for Europe & North Africa
Eisenhower- Europe
Battles of Importance
• Battle of The Atlantic–Hitler cuts off
supplies from the U.S. to Britain and the
Soviet Union.
• Allies overcame Axis blockades by using
convoys
• North Africa and the Desert Fox
• The Italian Campaign
* Tuskegee Airmen
* The 100th or 442nd Combat Team
(Nisei)
D-Day
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Plan to invade France
Operation Overlord
June 6, 1944
Amphibious attack
Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders
for D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]
D-Day Invasion
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
Normandy Landing
(June 6, 1944)
German Prisoners
Higgins Landing Crafts
The Liberation of Paris:
August 25, 1944
De Gaulle in
Triumph!
U. S. Troops in Paris, 1944
The Battle of the Bulge:
Hitler’s Last Offensive
Dec. 16, 1944
to
Jan. 28, 1945
Death Of President Roosevelt
• April 12, 1945 the President FDR dies
• Vice President Harry Truman becomes
President
V.E. Day
May 8 1945
Mussolini &
His Mistress,
Claretta
Petacci
Are Hung in
Milan, 1945
Hitler Commits Suicide
April 30, 1945
Cyanide & Pistols
The Führer’s Bunker
Mr. & Mrs. Hitler
The War at Home
Chapter 17 section 4 review
Opportunity for Americans
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New job opportunities
unemployment 1.2%
Farmers
African Americans move north
Women made up 35% of the workforce
The Home Front
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Selling war bonds raised money for
World War II
Women
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work in factories.
establish themselves as a vital part of the
economy.
participate in the war effort.
define a new role in society.
G.I. Bill
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Servicemen’s Readjustment Act 1944
Education for veterans
Federal loans
Home loans
Discrimination
• Various racial groups experiences high
levels of discrimination during WWII
• Would lead to civil rights movement of the
1960’s & 1970’s
The Home Front
• African-American Phillip Randolph demanded equal
employment opportunities for blacks during World War II
• Executive Order No. 8802 required defense industries to
make jobs available without discrimination based on
race, creed, color, or national origin.
• Executive Order 9066- sent ethnic groups to Internment
Camps during WWII Feb. 19, 1942
• Korematsu v. U.S. the Supreme Court upheld the
government’s practice of placing Japanese Americans
in internment camps
Mexican Americans
• 1943 Los Angeles Zoot Suit Riots
• Sailors reported that they had been
“attacked” by Mexican Americans wearing
zoot suits
• riots in Los Angeles in Mexican areas
lasted a week
WWII Propaganda Cartoons
• Cartoons used to get Americans to
participate in the war effort
• War Industries Board
• Department of Treasury
• Rationing
• Bond Drives
War in the Pacific
Chapter 17 section 3 review
The Pacific Under Japan
Yalta Conference
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Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
Feb. 1945
Germany to be divided onto 4 zones
Stalin agreed to free elections in Eastern
Europe and to aid the U.S. in the Pacific
• All agreed on a creation of the United
Nations Organization
Macarthur
Nimitz
Battles of Importance
• Doolittles Raid
• Battle of Midway
Island Hopping
The Manhattan Project:
Los Alamos, NM
• Albert Einstein and FDR
• American Scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer developed
the atomic bomb
• New Mexico
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer
Tinian Island, 1945
Little Boy
Fat Man
Enola Gay Crew
Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
© 70,000 killed
immediately.
© 48,000 buildings.
destroyed.
© 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning &
cancer later.
The Beginning of the
Atomic Age
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
© 40,000 killed
immediately.
© 60,000 injured.
© 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning
& cancer later.
Japanese A-Bomb Survivors
Hiroshima Memorials
The Atomic Bomb
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Consequences of Truman’s decision to
use the atomic bomb against Japan
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the surrender of Japan
the end of WWII
destruction of two Japanese cities
the deaths of thousands of civilians
Japan Surrenders
• September 2, 1945 Japan surrenders
• USS Missouri
• V-J Day
Aftermath of WWII & The Birth
of Cold War Era
Chapter 18 review
U.N. in NYC
Cold War Beginnings
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Yalta Feb. 1945- The Big Three: Roosevelt,
Churchill, Stalin
* Stalin goes back on his word = birth of the Cold War
The U.S & S.V
• Both countries were isolated prior to WWII
in international relations
• Both practiced “missionary diplomacy”each with the idea they had the “correct”
political doctrine
• The Cold War would last 45 years from
1945-1990
Germany
• Issue of Berlin
• West Germany
Democratic (soon
independent)
• East Communist
(controlled by
Soviets)
• 1948 Soviets cut off
supplies into Berlin
• Berlin Airlift 1948
Berlin Airlift
lasted 327 days
Cold War Beginnings
• Soviet specialist George Kennan stance on S.U.
= “get-tough-with-Russia”
• Truman Doctrine- March 1947- $$ given to free
people countries threatened by outside
pressures & armed minorities (aid sent to
Greece & Turkey)
• Marshall Plan- gave money to democratic
countries in Europe to rebuild after the war
(Russia feeling lonely )
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Democratic countries
• Warsaw Pact- treaty among communist
countries
NATO / WARSAW Pacts
U.S. Foreign Policy Post WWII
• Iron Curtain
• Domino Theory
• Containment Policy
Korean War
[1950-1953]
Korea Post WWII
• 6/25/1950 North
Korean troops cross
the 38th parallel
• South Korea looks to
the UN
• Vote taken and the
UN takes military
action in Korea
The Shifting Map of Korea
[1950-1953]
1950-1953
• NSC-68- National Security Council
Memorandum• U.S. increases funds towards defense
• Truman & MacArthur clash
* MacArthur wants China
* April 1951 MacArthur is fired
• Armistice Line 7/27/1953- at 38°
• Presidents video Eisenhower….
The Cold War at Home
Chapter 18 review
Cold War Hysteria
• 100,000 Americans were members of the
Communist Party in America
• Republicans push for stricter anticommunism legislature
• Federal Employee Loyalty Program 1947
• House Un-American Activities Committee
“HUAC” – 1947
• Hollywood 10
The 2nd Red Scare
• Nixon and Joseph McCarthy head “red hunt”
• Alger Hiss
• McCarran Internal Security Bill- gave authority
to the gov. to detain and arrest suspicious
people (vetoed by Truman)
• Julia and Ethel Rosenberg ‘53
• 1997 Russia released records
Stating that Julius had given up
info
Progress Through Science
1957  Russians launch SPUTNIK I
1958  National Defense
Education Act
Progress Through Science
Atomic Anxieties:
 “Duck-and-Cover
Generation”
Atomic Testing:
 1946-1962  U. S. exploded 217
nuclear weapons over
the Pacific and in Nevada.
Progress Through Science
UFO Sightings skyrocketed in the 1950s.
War of the
Worlds
Hollywood used aliens as a metaphor
for whom ??
You know you’re a red if..
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You have declining religious sentiment
Increased sexual freedom
Your Homosexual
Your for civil rights
You’re a drunk
Your in debt
The Red Scare Game
• Are you Red enough????
• Object of the game is for “reds” to get with
as many “whites” as they can and for
whites to not let any reds into your group
• Each person is worth 5 extra credit points
• RED PAPER STUDENTS ACQUIRE POINTS BY
JOINING OR “INFILTRATING” white GROUPS.
• FOR EXAMPLE, A RED PAPER JOINS A GROUP OF
SIX white PAPERS WOULD EARN 30 POINTS FOR
HIM/HERSELF.
• IF TWO OR MORE RED PAPERS INFILTRATE A
GROUP THEN THEY WILL DIVIDE THE POINTS
• ANY GROUP THAT HAS A RED PAPER IN IT, ALL
white PAPERS WILL NOT RECEIVE ANY POINTS
• In order for white groups to get points NO reds are to be
present