Transcript Holocaust Timeline

Holocaust Timeline
Things you need to know
before reading Night
by Elie Wiesel
January 30, 1933
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Hitler becomes chancellor
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Anti-Semitic laws gradually increase throughout Germany
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Hitler & Hermann Göring wave to passing
parade below.
September 15, 1935
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Nuremberg Laws Passed
racial laws that made Jews 2nd class citizens
 Prohibited sexual relations and intermarriage between Jews and
“persons of German or related blood”
 Law later applied to Gypsies and black people living in Germany
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Nazis targeted their hatred towards
gypsies, blacks, homosexuals, Jehovah
Witnesses, and physically and mentally
handicapped along with Jews
August 1-16,1936
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Summer Olympic Games in Germany
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Propaganda success for the Nazis
Germany even included Jews or part-Jews on its
Olympic team
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In the Olympic Stadium, German
spectators salute Adolf Hitler during
the Games of the 11th Olympiad.
Berlin, Germany, August 1936.
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July 6-15, 1938
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Evian Conference
– Delegates from 32 countries & representatives
from refugee aid organizations
– Discussed: Jews fleeing
– Hitler said:
 Others can take ‘em
– US and Britain said:
 Will not take Jews
United States delegate Myron Taylor delivers
a speech at the Evian Conference.
November 9-10, 1938
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Kristallnacht (“Night of Broken Glass”)
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An pogrom (organized massacre) that burned roughly
1,400 synagogues, looted Jewish homes & businesses,
killed at least 91 Jews, arrested about 30,000 Jewish
men & hundreds of women and imprisoned them
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The Boerneplatz synagogue Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Old synagogue in Aachen
Kristallnacht
Jewish-owned shop
destroyed Berlin,
Germany.
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The synagogue in Ober-Ramstadt, Germany.
View of the
interior of the
Essenweinstrass
e synagogue in
Nuremberg.
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Shattered
storefront of a
Jewish-owned
shop. Berlin,
Germany. (10)
September 1, 1939
• Germany invades Poland
• World War II begins
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German troops
parade through
Warsaw after the
surrender of
Poland. Warsaw,
Poland,
September 28-30,
1939.
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WWII Early Events
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Sept. 2, 1939: England & France declare war on Germany.
Sept. 17, 1939: Red (Soviet) Army invades Poland
Oct. 8, 1939: 1st ghetto established in Poland
February 12, 1940: Deportation of Jews from Germany to occupied
Poland begins; killing of “incurable” and “unworthy of life” sent to
be killed.
Spring 1940: Germany conquers Denmark, Norway, Belgium,
Luxemburg, Holland & Northern France
April, 1940: Nazi military leader Heinrich Himmler orders Auschwitz
concentration camp to be created
March 24, 1941: Germany invades North Africa
June 22, 1941: Germany invades Soviet Union (operation
Barbarossa)
Dec. 7, 1941: Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US declares war a day
later.
Dec. 11, 1941: Germany & Italy (Axis) declare war on US (Allies)
November 15, 1940
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Warsaw Ghetto sealed
Largest ghetto
 350,000 Jews (30%) in about 2.4% of city’s total
area
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Jewish refugees waiting in soup line at
a shelter at 33 Nalewki St.
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Entrance to the ghetto from the Aryan side.
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Nazis systematic plan:
Cut off communication to/among Jews
 Separate Jews from each other
 Separate Jews from the rest of the
population (ghettos)
 Dehumanization (make Jews feel less than human)
 Separate families
 Nazis 1-100 rule: If 1 Jew rebelled, 100
would be killed.
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January 20, 1942
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Wannsee Conference: “Final Solution”
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15 high ranking Nazis and German government officials
met to find an answer to the “Jewish Question”
Answered through systematic mass murder through
appropriate ministries & bureaucracies
It was a deliberate & careful plan to destroy all
European Jews
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SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard
Heydrich, Himmler's second in
command of the SS organization
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April 19-May 16, 1943
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Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
750 fought the German army
56,000 Jews captured, about 7,000 were shot, and the remainder
were deported to concentration camps.
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German soldiers capture Jews hiding in a bunker
during the Warsaw ghetto uprising.
April 19-May 16, 1943
SS troops wait at the
end of a smoke-filled
street for Jewish
resistance fighters to
exit apartment
buildings set on fire
on the fourth day of
the suppression of the
Warsaw Ghetto
Uprising. (21)
Jews captured during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising are
marched off through a debris-covered street to the
Umschlagplatz for deportation. (20)
Mordechai Anielewicz (1919-1943), commandant of the ZOB during the
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, fell in battle on May 8, 1943. (22)
SS troops and officers search the
Jewish department heads of the
Brauer armaments factory during
the suppression of the Warsaw
Ghetto Uprising. (23)
The bodies of Jewish resisters lie in
front of the ruins of a building where
they were shot by the SS during the
suppression of the Warsaw ghetto
uprising. (24)
June 6, 1944
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D-Day: Allied troops invade Normandy,
France.
3,000 landing craft, 2,500 other ships, and 500 naval That night 822 aircraft, carrying
parachutists or towing gliders, roared overhead to the Normandy landing zones. They were a
fraction of the air armada of 13,000 aircraft used on D-Day.
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U.S. infantrymen wade from their landing
craft toward Omaha Beach.
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Mine- and obstacle-clearing tanks of the 27th Armoured Brigade thread
toward the shore at Queen sector, Sword Beach.
January 27, 1945
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Liberation of Auschwitz by Russian forces
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More than 7,000 prisoners were liberated, most were seriously ill or dying.
Soon after liberation, surviving children of the
Auschwitz camp walk out of the children's barracks.
Poland, after January 27, 1945. (27)
Soon after
liberation, a Soviet
physician
examines
Auschwitz camp
survivors. Poland,
February 18,
1945. (28)
April 11, 1945
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Americans liberate Buchenwald
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More than 20,000 prisoners liberated
Soon after liberation, camp
survivors from Buchenwald's
"Children's Block 66"--a
special barracks for children.
After April 11, 1945. (30)
Escorted by American soldiers, child
survivors of Buchenwald file out of the
main gate of the camp. Elie Wiesel is
the fourth child in the left column.
Buchenwald, Germany, April 27, 1945.
(29)
American troops, including African American
soldiers from the Headquarters and Service
Company of the 183rd Engineer Combat
Battalion, 8th Corps, U.S. 3rd Army, view
corpses stacked behind the crematorium during
an inspection tour of the Buchenwald
concentration camp. April 17, 1945. (31)
April 30, 1945
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Hitler commits suicide
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In Führerbunker, located 50 feet below the Chancellery
buildings in Berlin, Hitler shot himself while companion
(wife), Eva Braun, took poison.
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World War II's victors hoist the hammer-and-sickle flag over the
Reichstag in Berlin. On the afternoon of April 30, 1945, as Soviet
troops stormed the Reichstag, Hitler committed suicide in his
nearby bunker headquarters.
May 8, 1945
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Victory in Europe Day (V-E Day)
The German armed forces surrendered unconditionally to the Allies
on May 7, 1945. For the western Allies, World War II officially ended
in Europe on the next day, May 8 (V-E Day), while Soviet forces
announced their “Victory Day” on May 9, 1945.
Dancing in the streets of London on V-E Day.
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Glossary of Terms
Genocide – the attempt to kill off an entire
race, culture, or social group.
 Anti-Semitism – hatred or discrimination
against Jews
 Holocaust – 6 million Jews were killed when
the Nazis ruled.
 Aryan – “pure” German race (people of Northern
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European background)
Scapegoat – someone or a group of people
blamed for other people’s problems
 Pogroms – an unprovoked attack or series of
attacks upon a Jewish community
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Glossary of Terms Continued
Ghetto – a section of the city in which the Jews
were forced to live
 Concentration Camp – used to imprison all
“enemies” of the regime
 Liberation – freeing of Nazis' prisoners (Jews freed
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from concentration camps)
Allies – United States, Great Britain, Soviet
Union, & other countries fighting against Axis
countries during WWII
 Axis – Nazi Germany, Italy, & Japan (Bulgaria,
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Croatia, Hungary, & Slovakia)
Elie Wiesel
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_nm.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10007200&MediaId=3371
Credits
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27-http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_ph.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005189&MediaId=832
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