Transcript The Holocaust

Nuremberg Laws
1935
•Barred Jews from many jobs.
•Lose their Civil rights.
•Required to register with
authorities.
•Must wear the Star of David
•Prohibited marriage between Jewish
and non-Jewish Germans.
Two year old Emanuel Rosenthal and five year old brother
Avram, of the Kovno Ghetto, who were both later deported to
the death camp at Majdanek and murdered by Nazis.
Nazi gangs raided the Berlin Library and gathered "un-German"
books including the works of world-class authors such as Jack
London and H. G. Wells, as well as those of Jewish writers. In this
photo, Germans crowd around a stall filled with confiscated books
soon to be burned.
Photo credit: National Archives, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives
The burning of confiscated “un-German” books in Berlin.
Photos from the United States Holocaust Museum
A German civilian wearing a Nazi armband holds a sheaf of antiJewish Boycott signs, while Nazi soldiers paste them on a Jewishowned business. Most of the signs read, "Germans defend
yourselves against Jewish atrocity propaganda; buy only at
German stores."
Photo credit: National Archives, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives
Austrian Nazis and local residents watch as Jews are forced to get
on their hands and knees and scrub the pavement.
The Hitler Youth
Outlawed other youth clubs, the German
children were educated physically,
intellectually, and morally in the spirit of
National Socialism, promising to be loyal
and obedient to Hitler, They were taught
A photo identification card, bearing the official stamps of the Krakow labor
office and the General Government, Krakow district, that was issued to the
Polish Jew, Cyrla Rosenzweig. Cyrla survived as one of the Schindler Jews.
Suesskind Rosenzweig was her husband.
In 1939, Oskar Schindler set up a business in an old enamel works factory in Poland,
employing Jews from the Krakow Ghetto as cheap labor. As the Nazis intensified
persecution of the Jews, Schindler increasingly feared for the safety of his workers.
He managed to convince the Nazis his factory and thus his Jews were vital to the
German war effort and prevented their deportation to the death camps of the East.
Arrival of arrested Jews at the Austerlitz train
station. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum #78893
Kristallnacht (Crystal Night)
1938
•Nazi storm troopers and others smash and destroy
Jewish owned shops, businesses, and synagogues.
The “Night of
Broken Glass”
View of the interior of
the Essenweinstrasse
synagogue in Nuremberg
following its destruction
during Kristallnacht.
From USHMM
The St. Louis was a German ship carrying 930 Jewish refugees
from Nazi Germany to Cuba. When the ship set sail from Hamburg
on May 13, 1939, all of its refugee passengers had legitimate
landing certificates for Cuba.
However, during the two week voyage to Havana, the landing
certificates granted by the Cuban director general of immigration in
lieu of regular visas were invalidated by the pro-fascist Cuban
government. When the St. Louis arrived in Havana on May 27 only
22 Jewish refugees were allowed entry.
Cuban President Federico Laredo Bru then insisted the ship and its
remaining 900 Jews leave Havana. The refugees were also refused
entry into the United States. Thus on June 6 the ship was forced to
return to Europe.
While en route to Antwerp, several European countries were
cajoled into taking in the refugees (287 to Great Britain; 214 to
Belgium; 224 to France; 181 to the Netherlands).
Those that went to Belgium, France and the Netherlands were
soon trapped as Hitler's armies invaded Western Europe and
perished as victims of the Nazi Final Solution.
The journey of the St. Louis
In October of 1939 amid the turmoil of the outbreak of war Hitler
ordered widespread "mercy killing" of the sick and disabled.
Polish laborers seal off the doors and windows
of buildings on the outer periphery of the
Krakow ghetto..
USHMM
Children scale a wall to smuggle food into the ghetto.
Conditions were so extreme that they engaged in this
activity .
German
soldiers
amuse
themselves
while they
force Jews
to dig
ditches in
an
empty lot in
Krakow.
A member of the German police kicks a Jew who is climbing onto
the back of a truck during a round-up for forced labor.
Three Jewish children
in Topolcany, Slovakia.
The deportation of women and children to an
unidentified
concentration camp.
One of the most famous photos taken during the Holocaust
shows Jewish families arrested by Nazis during the destruction
of the Warsaw Ghetto in Poland, and sent to be gassed at
Treblinka extermination camp. This picture and over 50 others
were taken by the Nazis to chronicle the successful destruction
of the Ghetto.
1933 First Concentration Camp
Dachau
Prisoners' barracks in the Dachau
concentration camp.
A prisoner in
Dachau forced to
stand without
moving for hours as
a punishment.
A watch tower in
Dachau.
Prisoners from Buchenwald that have been taken into the nearby
woods are shown shortly before their execution by the SS.
Two ovens inside the crematorium at the Dachau
concentration camp.
The next slide may be upsetting
to some of you.
You may wish to avoid seeing it
by placing your head on your
desk.
A mass grave in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
A warehouse full of shoes and clothing confiscated from the
prisoners and deportees gassed upon their arrival. The Nazis
shipped these goods to Germany.
Polish boys imprisoned in Auschwitz look out from behind the
barbed wire fence. Approximately 40,000 Polish children were
kidnapped and imprisoned in the camp before being transferred
to Germany. The children were used as slave laborers in
Germany.
A group of Soviet soldiers surveys a German warehouse
containing thousands of shoes taken from prisoners before their
deaths.
A stash of gold wedding rings taken from victims at
Buchenwald.
Survivors in a crowded Dachau barrack after liberation.
Date: Apr 29, 1945 - May 15, 1945
The entrance to the main camp of Auschwitz (Auschwitz I). The
gate bears the cynical Nazi motto "Arbeit Macht Frei" (Work
makes one free).
There were
survivors.
The Danish resistance movement, assisted by many ordinary citizens,
coordinated the flight of some 7,200 Jews to safety in nearby neutral
Sweden. Thanks to this remarkable mass rescue effort, at war's end
Denmark had one of the highest Jewish survival rates for any European
country.
In the aftermath of the
Holocaust, many of the
survivors found shelter in
displaced persons (DP)
camps administered by the
Allied powers. Between 1948
and 1951, almost 700,000
Jews emigrated to Israel,
including more than two-thirds
of the Jewish displaced
persons in Europe. Others
emigrated to the United
States and other nations. The
last DP camp closed in 1957.
The crimes committed during
the Holocaust devastated
most European Jewish
communities.