Transcript 24-25 Notes
WWII Chapters 24-25 Benito Mussolini Italy Fascism •State more important than people •Strong gov’t. with dictator •Individual has no rights Adolf Hitler Germany Used fascism w/racism Blonde, blue-eyed were superior National Socialist German Worker’s Party Swastika Goals: • Rebuild Germany • Tear up Treaty of Versailles • Conquer Europe • Destroy Jews Josef Stalin Soviet Union Jewish Treatment No rights Harassed and mistreated Isolated and enslaved Eliminated “Kristallnacht” Nov. 7, 1938 1,000 Jews murdered 26,000 Jews sent to camps Night of Broken Glass Road to War Democracy threatened Aggression/tension ↑ Dictatorships increasing Difficulty remaining isolated U.S. isolation Neutrality Acts (1935-37) No sale of munitions to warring nations Unlawful for Ams. to travel on warring countries ships Authorize President to list commodities to be sold (Cash-and-Carry only) Pearl Harbor Naval, Air Force base Sunday, Dec. 7, 1941 7:55 am & 8:50 am Am. losses •Almost all planes •8 battleships •+2,300 killed, 2,000 wounded Dec. 8, 1941: U.S. declares war on Japan OPA Office of Price Administration Fought inflation by freezing wages, prices, and rents Rationed foods, such as meat, butter, cheese, vegetables, sugar and coffee NWLB National War Labor Board Limited wage increases Kept unions stable, forbid workers from changing unions Paid vacations, pensions, and medical insurance WPB War Production Board Rationed fuel and materials vital to the war effort, such as gas, heating oil, metals, rubber, and plastics Selective Service Act Sept 1940 First peacetime draft All men ages 21-35 1 year active service Manhattan Project Scientist: J. Robert Oppenheimer Tested July 16, 1945 (Alamogordo, NM) Atomic bomb April 12, 1945 FDR dies in office Harry S. Truman replaces him April 30, 1945 Hitler commits suicide Hiroshima August 6, 1945 Enola Gay Pilot: Paul Tibbets Bomb: “Little Boy” 140,000 dead by end of year Nagasaki August 9, 1945 Bomb: “Fat Man” 70,000 dead by end of year