Transcript World War II and Its Aftermath

World War II
and
Its Aftermath
Going to the Mall…
A young mother took her young son, age
5, with her to the mall for some shopping.
While cruising through the mall the little
boy spotted candy in a store window and
asked his mom for some candy. When
she said “no,” the boy began to cry and
throw a temper tantrum. He demanded
candy and would not stop until he got his
treat…
Still at the Mall…
After he ate the candy he asked for more.
When she said “no, you already had
some” he began to cry and throw another
tantrum. He would not stop making noise
until he spotted a toy store, whereupon he
asked his mom for a toy. When she said
“no” he got violent and tried to hit her.
Frustrated, the young mom agreed to buy
the toy IF he promised not to ask for
anything else. The boy promised and the
mom bought the small toy…
The Final Mall Scene
• Not more than 5 minutes later they
smelled and passed by a fresh baked
cookie store and the boy asked for a
cookie. When the mother said “no it is
now too close to lunch time” the boy raged
and this time kicked his mom in the shin…
• How should the young mother handle this
scenario?
• Who is to blame for the incident?
Steps into Madness: WW2
• Step 1: 1931
– Japan invades Manchuria
– World protests, but no action
• Step 2: 1933
– Hitler elected, then seizes power
– World watches
1.
1.
• Step 3: 1935
– Italy invades Ethiopia
– World protests, issues economic sanctions
but no action
Steps into Madness: WW2
• Step 4: 1936
– Nazi G enters “de-militarized” Rhineland,
breaks treaty >> World watches, no action
– Spanish Civil War, Fascist takeover? US/GB/F
neutral, USSR helps “republican Loyalists” BUT
Nazi G aids Fascist Gen. Franco, Fascists win!
• Step 5: 1937
– Japan invades eastern China >> Atrocities…
World condemns, no action
– US boycotts Japan… no more OIL! J 
Steps into Madness: WW2
• Step 6: 1938
– Nazi G “annexes” Austria aka the Anschluss,
breaks treaty… world protests but no action
– Nazi G demands Sudetenland to unite Germans,
Munich Conference = Appeasement Peace?
• Step 7: 1939
– Nazi G takes rest of Czechoslovakia, world
protests but no action
– Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact signed…
Hitler & Stalin agree to divide Poland, no war
The Steps to Madness: WW2
• Where is this all headed?
• What were the MOST critical precursors to
WW2?
• When should have the world acted & what
action would have been appropriate?
Pablo Picasso – Cubist Painting
Guernica, 1937
What is he communicating?
Hitler & Poland
• Lebensraum
• Polish
Corridor
• Goal =
German
Unification
War in Europe:
Phase I
• Invasion of Poland 9/1/1939
– Nazi Blitzkrieg
• Air attack
• Armor
• Infantry
– USSR Expands per Nazi-Soviet Pact
• Eastern Poland
• Baltic nations
• Finland
– Sitzkrieg = Phony War
War in Europe: Blitzkrieg Phase II 1940
• Invasion of Scandinavia
– Norway & Denmark
• Invasion of Low
Countries
– Holland, Belgium &
Luxembourg
• Invasion of France
– Dunkirk (G’s Mistake)
– Capture of Paris
– Occupied France
v. Vichy France
WW II: Phase II… continued
• Operation Sea Lion >> Battle of Britain
– GB is isolated, Nazi controls Continent
• Prime Minister Churchill… “finest hour”
– US is neutral… isolationism… but WC + FDR
deal…
• Cash & Carry > Destroyer Deal > Lend Lease > Atlantic
Charter
– Nazi Luftwaffe bombs military targets…oops,
civilians too!
– GB bombs Berlin… Hitler angry 
– Nazi bombing shifts to London
• the Blitz… day & night bombings
– RAF defends with help of RADAR
– Hitler abandons plan…
What were Hitler’s 2 Mistakes?
• Dunkirk
– Allowed 200,00+ Allies
troops to escape
• Operation Sea Lion
– Chose to not invade GB
– G Lost the Battle of Britain
• RADAR + RAF = GB saved
• Churchill unites GB
1941: A Big Year in WW2 Europe
• Nazi conquest of Balkans
– Italians fail, Nazi defeats
Greece + Yugoslavia
– Resistance movements
• Nazi conquest of North Africa
– Italians fail, Gen. Rommel take
all EXCEPT Egypt
– El Alamein: Gen. Montgomery
(GB) stops Gen. Rommel (G),
Suez Canal saved
1941: A Big Year in WW2 Europe
• Nazi invasion of USSR
• Op. Barbarossa = Mistake #3
– Hitler breaks Nazi-Soviet Pact >
Blitzkrieg
– Russian winter
– Siege @ Leningrad, Nazi loss!
– Stalingrad = Urban Warfare
• US military aid + Soviet troops
• Nazi loss
• TURN POINT in WW2!
Holocaust: Ultimate Madness
• Photo Gallery: Observations + Reactions
US – Japanese Relations
• ‘30s J aggression
– Atrocities v. China
• ‘40 US embargo vs J
– NO oil, steel, iron, etc
• J : Needs Resources
– Negotiates + Plots vs. USA
1941: US Entry into WW2
• 3/41: Lend-Lease Act
– US industry supplies war materials
– “Arsenal of Democracy”
• 8/41: Atlantic Charter
– FDR & Churchill state goals
– No conquest, “end tyranny”
• 12/7/41: J Attacks Pearl Harbor
– SURPRISE! USA unprepared!!
• 1942: J conquers most of Pacific
– Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia (GB)
– Philippines + Bataan Death March, Guam (US)
– Indochina (F), East Indies (NL)
1942: Japan’s Advance
1942: Allies Total War ends Great Depression
• Gov’t controls economy
– Jobs, Production & prices
• Gov’t rations resources
– Food, fuel, materials
• Gov’t sell war bonds = $$
• Gov’t limits civil rights
• Gov’t uses propaganda
– Censor, Educate, Support
• Gov’t “interns” suspects
– J-Ams >> camps, lost all
Women in WW2
• War industry jobs
– Production, Rosie the Riveter
– Clerical
• Military jobs
– Spies
– Non-combat roles
– Pilots, clerical, medicine
• Fought in Resistance
– France, Greece, etc
1942: Turning Points
• Casablanca Conference
– Big 3: FDR, Churchill & Stalin
– Europe 1st, then Pacific
• 5/42 Coral Sea (Carriers)
– Stops J 1st time, near Australia
• 6/42 Midway (Carriers)
– Cripples J navy, sinks 4 carriers
• 11/42 El Alamein (No. Africa)
– Stops Nazis, saves Suez Canal
1943: Allies Begin Winning
• 1/43: Soviets win @ Stalingrad
– G in retreat, Soviets re-claim land
• 5/43: Operation Torch succeeds
– US + GB trap Rommel’s Army
– Allies control No. Africa
• 7/43: US + GB >> Italy surrenders
– Bloody, Mussolini out
– Nazis fight on!
• 12/43: Tehran Conference (Big 3)
– Different goals GB + US v. USSR
– Mistrust : Borders? W. Front?
1944: Allies Push toward Germany
• Soviet Red Army pushes W
– Reclaims land, takes land
• Bombing Germany
– Factories, infrastructure
• 6/6/44: D-Day = Surprise!
– Normandy
– US, GB, Canada forces
– Paratroopers + Beach
Invasion
– Foothold > Liberate France!
1945: Victory in Europe!
• 1/45: Battle of the Bulge
– Last Nazi offensive, failed
• 2/45: Yalta Conference – Big 3
– USSR to help v. J, gets land
– Divide & Occupy G, free elections?
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2/45: Firebombing of Dresden
4/45: US & Soviets in Germany
4/45: Hitler suicide, G surrenders
5/8/45: V-E Day!!
Path to Victory in the Pacific
• 4/42 Doolittle Raid
• 5/42 Philippines fall 
• 5/42 Coral Sea 
• 6/42 Midway 
• Summer ‘42 USA
starts Island Hopping
– Guadalcanal
– Iwo Jima, etc.
• ‘44 J Kamikaze
1945: Victory in the Pacific
• Manhattan Project
– Top Secret
– Nuclear bomb
• Q: Invade or Bomb?
• Potsdam Conference
– HST informs Soviets
– HST warns J
• Hiroshima 8/6/45
– No surrender yet
• Nagasaki 8/9/45
– Surrender 8/15/45
• V-J Day 9/2/45 = Treaty signed