Transcript turning point of the war

World War II – 1939-1945
• Causes
• 1. Treaty of Versailles – 1919 – punished
Germany for World War I
• 2. Great Depression – 1929-1940 – world-wide
economic problems
• 3. Nationalism/Militarism
• 4. Rise of totalitarianism – government has
complete control
• 5. Fascism– one person controls the
government – Dictatorship – government is
more important than individuals
Europe
• Italy
• 1922 – Benito Mussolini
becomes dictator of Italy
– “Il Duce” (the leader)
• Promised to bring order
and prosperity to Italy
• 1935 – invaded Ethiopia
• Wanted to create a new
Roman Empire
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Germany
Nazis – National Socialist German
Workers’ Party
1923 – Adolf Hitler attempts to
overthrow government – he is
arrested and jailed – writes Mein
Kampf (My Struggle)
Aryan – Master Race
1932 – Hitler elected Chancellor of
Germany - Der Fuhrer( the leader)
Third Reich – set up dictatorship
over Germany
1. Rebuilt Military
2. Began massive jobs programs
3. took back Rhineland - 1936
4. began discrimination against
Jews
Kristallnacht – night of broken
glass – Nov. 9, 1938
Axis Leaders
Adolf Hitler
Benito Mussolini
Benito Mussolini arrested for speaking about
overthrowing government
Adolf Hitler as a child
Hitler Artwork
Hitler’s mother
Klara
Hitler’s father,
Alois
BFF”S
Nazi Rally at Nuremberg in 1936
Hitler Parades
Europe
• 1936 – Germany and Italy formed Axis
Powers – both desire more living space,
resources, and power
• 1938 – Germany takes over Austria
• 1938-39 – Germany takes over
Czechoslovakia
• September 1938 – Munich Conference –
• Appeasement – Neville Chamberlain
Japan
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Japan needed natural resources, especially oil
1931 – Japan invades Manchuria in China
By 1937, Japan controls most of Northern China
Franklin Roosevelt cuts off the sale of metals
and oil to Japan to punish them for their
aggression
Japan decides that America is a threat and
begins planning an attack
Emperor Hirohito
Military Dictatorship – General Hideki Tojo
Japan joins Axis Powers in 1940
Hirohito
General
Hideki Tojo
Admiral Yamamoto
War Begins
• September 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland
– France and England (Allied Powers) declare
war on Germany (Phony War)
• Winston Churchill – British Prime Minister
• Blitzkrieg - lightning war
• April 1940 – Denmark and Norway conquered
• May-June 1940 – France conquered – England
is alone
• U.S. President–Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933-1945
• Lend-Lease Act - 1940 – U.S. loans weapons
and supplies to England
• Atlantic Charter – August 1941
• December 7, 1941 - Japanese bomb U.S. naval
base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Arizona Memorial
Mobilizing for War
• 1940 – Selective Training and Service
Act
– First peacetime draft in US history
• 15 million Americans joined military
• War Production Board
• Japanese-Americans – Nisei - many
faced internment (imprisonment) in
1942 – over 125,000 lost their
possessions and stayed in prison
camps until the war is over
– Executive Order 9066—Feb. 19, 1942
Women and Minorities
• Women in Armed Service
– WACs=Women’s Army Corps (previously
WAACs=Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps)
– WAVES=Women Accepted for Voluntary
Emergency Service (Navy)
– WASP-Women’s Air Force Service Pilots
• ~1000 women pilots logged more than 60 million
miles and ferried 75% of the planes
• Nurses—largest group of women in war
– ~60,000; 1500 decorated for bravery; more
than 200 killed in the line of duty
Battles in North Africa and
Europe
• Battle of the Atlantic – 1940-44 – America trying
to send supplies and troops to England
• Battle of Britain - 1940
• Africa – fighting was for control of oil fields and
Suez Canal
• El Alamein – November 1942
• 1. Bernard Montgomery – British General
• 2. Erwin Rommel – German General – Desert
• Fox
• Dwight Eisenhower – Main American
commander in Europe
Bernard Montgomery
Erwin Rommel
European Battles
• Eastern Front
• June 22, 1941 - Germany
invades Soviet Union
• Sept. 1942-February
1943 – Stalingrad turning point of the war
• August 1943 – Kursk
• Joseph Stalin – Dictator
of Soviet Union Communism
• Western Front
• November 1942, Allies invade
North Africa
• September 1943 – Allies
invade Italy
• 1942-45 – Allied Bombing of
Germany
• June 6, 1944 – D-Day –
Allies invade Germanoccupied France
• December 1944 – Battle
of the Bulge—last
German offensive
• Roosevelt dies on April 12,
1945 – Harry Truman becomes
President
• Hitler commits suicide on April
30, 1945
• Germany surrenders on
May 7, 1945 (V-E Day)
Battle of Stalingrad
D-Day – June 6, 1944
D-Day
D-Day
Battle of the Bulge
Battle of the Bulge
Mussolini and Mistress
Eva Braun and Hitler
Japanese Battles
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Philippines – December 1941-May 1942
Chester Nimitz – American naval commander
Douglas Macarthur – American Army commander
Midway – June 1942 – turning point in Pacific
Guadalcanal – August 1942- February 1943
Island-hopping
Battle of Leyte Gulf – October 1944
Iwo Jima – February 1945 – Kamikaze (Divine Wind)
Okinawa – April – June 1945
Manhattan Project—create atomic bomb
August 6, 1945 – U.S. drops atomic bomb on
Hiroshima – “Little Boy”
• August 9, 1945 – second bomb dropped on Nagasaki
– “Fat Man”
• August 15, 1945 – Japan surrenders/V-J Day--Sept. 2,
1945=official surrender aboard the USS Missouri
Okinawa
Iwo Jima
Kamikaze about to hit U.S.S. Missouri
Assembly of first atomic bomb
Atomic Bomb explosions
• Navajo Code Talkers—kept military plans
from being intercepted and decoded
(Pacific Theater)
used Navajo language for the 211 most
used terms in the field
Homefront
• Rationing
– “Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do
without”
– Food (sugar, coffee) & other (gas, nylon)
– Used points and coupons
– Victory gardens, scrap drives
• Rosie the Riveter
– Around 80,000 women accepted to work
in factories (~750,000 applied)
Cost of the War
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50 to 60 million dead – maybe as
many as 100 million
Cost between 1 to 2 trillion dollars
Europe and parts of Asia
devastated
Europe divided between a free
West and a Communist East
controlled by Soviet Union – Iron
Curtain
United States emerges as a world
superpower and leader of the free
world – Soviet Union becomes
main rival – Cold War
NATO/Warsaw Pact – nuclear
arms race – Soviet Union
develops atomic weapons in 1949
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Holocaust – genocide (murder) of
Jews in Europe
6 million dead – two-thirds of all
Jews in Europe – 11 million total
Death Camps
Nuremberg Trials – Nazi leaders
tried for war crimes in 1945-46 –
12 executed
International Military Tribunal for
the Far East – war crimes trials for
Japan – 720 executed
Creation of United Nations
Creation of Israel
Marshall Plan
German Concentration Camps
Crematorium
Auschwitz
Gas Chamber at Auschwitz
Auschwitz
Oskar Schindler
Allied Leaders
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Winston Churchill
Harry Truman
Joseph Stalin
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Bernard Montgomery
George S. Patton
Douglas Macarthur
Chester Nimitz
Herman Goering
Heinrich Himmler
Nazi Leaders
Josef Goebbels
Josef Mengele
Adolf Eichmann
German Tanks
German Tiger Tank
American Sherman
Tank
Russian T-34
Flamethrower
MG-42
German MP-40
Kar-98
US machine gun
M-1
BAR
American B-17 bomber
American P-51 Mustang
American P-38 Lightning
German Me-109
German Me-262 – first jet plane
German V-1 buzzbomb
V-2 – first guided missile