Transcript Korean War [1950

The Cold War:
A Conflict of Ideology
1945-1991
Yalta-Meeting of the “Big Three”
• February 1945
– Roosevelt, Churchill, and
Stalin
– How will we rebuild
Europe?
– Create United Nations
– “Free and Unfettered
elections in eastern
Europe”
– Joint occupation of
Germany
• Next meeting will be in
the defeated Germany
• Roosevelt diesTruman
takes over
• Churchill loses election in
July of 1945.  Atlee Takes
over
Potsdam Conference-June 1945
– Stalin dominates the
conference
– Stalin did not allow
elections in Poland
and eastern Europe
– Truman angry, but
can’t do anything with
the Soviet army
camped out all over
eastern Europe
– All agree that Japan
must surrender
“unconditionally”
– Truman wants to
defeat Japan without
Soviet help
(Truman “forgets” to inform
Stalin about the atomic bomb
program)
End of WWII brings tension
between allies
• What does Truman want?
– Encourage democracy and capitalism
• U.S. Economy booming due to massive exports
• Raw materials from Europe
• Open markets to sell to!
– Rebuilt Germany that is productive and not bitter about the war
• What does Stalin want?
– Encourage communism
• USSR Economy struggling due to massive destruction of the war
• Use materials from Germany to rebuild Soviet Union
• Soviet army takes everything that could be of use, from toilets to
hinges
– Create satellite nations in Eastern Europe to “protect” the
U.S.S.R. from the west.
– Keep Germany weak…they attacked Russia twice in 30 years
US & the
Western
Democracies
GOAL  “Containment”
of Communism & the
eventual collapse of the
Communist world.
Soviet &
Eastern Bloc
Nations
[“Iron Curtain”]
GOAL  spread worldwide Communism
METHODOLOGIES:
1. Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
2. Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
3. Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts
of Third World peoples [Communist govt. &
command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist
economy]  “proxy wars”
4. Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]
The Bipolarization of Europe
The Division of Berlin
British, French and American
Zones of Germany unite
Soviet union closes off allied access to
west-Berlin
Berlin airlift…fly planes full of food and
supplies to the city
NATO forms in the west
• First time that the U.S.
enters into a peacetime
alliance
Warsaw Pact forms in east
• Soviet Union tells its puppet
governments in the eastern bloc that
they are united against the common
enemy of communism
Basically they just do what the Soviets
tell them too
National Defense Budget [1940-1964]
Civil War in China
Chiang Kai-Shek
•Nationalists led by
Chiang Kai-Shek
Given millions of
dollars of aid by
U.S.
•Communists led by
Mao Zedong
Secretly given
weapons by
U.S.S.R
•Communists defeat
the Nationalists.
•Chinese Nationalists
flee to Taiwan
•Represent China on
the UN Security
council until 1970
Mao Zedong
Korean War
[1950-1953]
•Japanese Troops
in the south
surrendered to the
Americans
Kim Il-Sung
•Japanese Troops
in the north
surrendered to the
Soviets
•Democratic
Republic created
there
•Communist
government
created there
Syngman Rhee
Korean War
1950-1953
•President Truman is
sensitive about “losing”
China to the communists
•He responds
aggressively in Korea to
show America that the
Democrats are not
“soft” on communism
Korean War 1950-1953
• Northern Communists
invade Southern
Democracy
• We (U.N.) send troops to
S. Korea
• China sends Troops to N.
Korea
• General Douglas
Macarthur thinks we
should use Nuclear
weapons
– Loudly criticizes
Truman for not having
the “guts”
– Truman fires him, “Old
soldiers never die,
they just fade away.”
The Shifting Map of Korea
[1950-1953]
A Few Thoughtful Sentences…
1. What would have happened if MacArthur
had convinced Truman to expand into
China? How might today’s world be
different?
OR
2. Who was right? Truman or MacArthur?