Transcript Cold War

Cold War Conflicts
The Cold War and
the danger of
nuclear war define
international
affairs, especially
after the Korean
War. Fear of
communism in the
U.S. leads to
accusations
against innocent
citizens.
British prime minister Winston Churchill, U.S.
president Harry S Truman, and Soviet premier and
supreme commander Joseph Stalin pose during
their meeting at the Potsdam Conference in Germany
(July 1945).
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Vocab Ch 18
• United Nations
• Satellite nation
• North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
• Section 3
• HUAC
• Hollywood Ten
• Blacklists
• Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
• Alger Hiss
Cold War Conflicts
SECTION 1
Origins of the Cold War
SECTION 2
The Cold War Heats Up
SECTION 3
The Cold War at Home
SECTION 4
Two Nations Live on the Edge
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Section 1
Origins of the Cold War
The United States and the Soviet Union emerge
from World War II as two “superpowers” with vastly
different political and economic systems.
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1
Origins of the Cold War
Former Allies Clash
U.S.-Soviet Relations
• U.S. suspicious of Stalin because he had been
Hitler’s ally
• Stalin resents that U.S. delayed attacking
Germany and hid atom bomb
The United Nations
• 1945, established as new peacekeeping body
• UN becomes arena where U.S., U.S.S.R. compete
Continued . . .
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1
continued Former
Allies Clash
Truman Becomes President
The Potsdam Conference
• July 1945 conference with U.S., Great Britain,
Soviet Union
• Stalin does not allow free elections
in Poland
- bans democratic parties
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1
Tension Mounts
Bargaining at Potsdam
• Soviets want reparations from Germany;
Truman objects
• Agree to take reparations mainly from own
occupation zones
• U.S. emerges from war as great economic power
- wants Eastern European raw materials, markets
Continued . . .
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1
continued
Tension Mounts
Soviets Tighten Their Grip on Eastern Europe
• Installs communist rule in satellite nations,
countries it dominates
• 1946, Stalin announces war between communism,
capitalism inevitable
United States Establishes a Policy of
Containment
Interactive
• U.S. policy of containment—measures to prevent
spread of communism
• Churchill describes division of Europe as iron curtain
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A. NATO
B. Cold War
C. Berlin airlift
D. containment
E. Marshall Plan
F. Joseph Stalin
G. United Nations
H. satellite nations
I. Harry S. Truman
J. Truman Doctrine
1. This group consisted of
Eastern European nations
that were dominated by the
Soviet Union.
2. This action provided vital
supplies to a region
blockaded by the Soviet
Union.
The NATO Alliance
• Fear of Soviets leads to North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
• European nations, U.S., Canada pledge mutual military
support
USSR forms
Warsaw Pact
includes USSR and the Buffer Zone
Pages 605, 608, 624
Divide Germany into 4 post war sections
Color code each section
Label each section
Color all NATO countries yellow
Color the Soviet Bloc countries PINK
Draw the Iron Curtain in RED
Create a KEY
SECTION
1
Cold War in Europe
The Truman Doctrine
• 1945–1991 Cold War—conflict between U.S.,
U.S.S.R.
- neither nation directly confronts the other on
battlefield
• Truman Doctrine— Gave aid to Turkey and
Greece to reduce communist threat
The Marshall Plan
Image
• 1947, Sec. of State George Marshall proposes aid to
nations in need
• Marshall Plan revives 16 nations CONTAINMENT
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Superpowers Struggle over Germany
The Berlin Airlift
Map
• 1948, Stalin closes highway, rail routes into
West Berlin
• Berlin airlift—Britain, U.S. fly food, supplies
into West Berlin
• 1949, Stalin lifts blockade
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A. NATO
B. Cold War
C. Berlin airlift
D. containment
E. Marshall Plan
F. Joseph Stalin
G. United Nations
H. satellite nations
I. Harry S. Truman
J. Truman Doctrine
3. Both the United States and
the Soviet Union joined
this organization after
World War II.
4. He arranged for about 400
million dollars in aid to be
sent to postwar Turkey and
Greece.
A. NATO
B. Cold War
C. Berlin airlift
D. containment
E. Marshall Plan
F. Joseph Stalin
G. United Nations
H. satellite nations
I. Harry S Truman
J. Truman Doctrine
5. This defensive military
alliance was the first
military alliance that the
United States ever entered
during peacetime.
6. This aid program was
directed "not against any
country or doctrine but
against hunger, poverty,
desperation, and chaos."
A. NATO
B. Cold War
C. Berlin airlift
D. containment
E. Marshall Plan
F. Joseph Stalin
G. United Nations
H. satellite nations
I. Harry S Truman
J. Truman Doctrine
7. This term refers to the
indirect but hostile conflict
between the United States
and the Soviet Union that
began at the end of World
War II.
8. He believed that eventually
there would be a war
between capitalism and
communism
Section 2
The Cold War Heats Up
After World War II, China becomes a communist
nation and Korea is split into a communist north
and a democratic south.
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2
The Cold War Heats Up
China Becomes a Communist Country
Nationalists Versus Communists
• Chinese Communists battle nationalist
government of Chiang Kai-shek
• U.S. supports Chiang, but his government is
corrupt
• Communists, led by Mao Zedong
• by 1945, communists control north China
Image
Continued . . .
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continued
China Becomes a Communist Country
Renewed Civil War
• 1949, Nationalists flee to island of Taiwan
• Communists establish People’s Republic of China
in mainland
• U.S. does not recognize Communist Chinese
government
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Memorial of Chiang Kai Chek in Taiwan
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2
The Korean War
A Divided Country
• 38th parallel (38º N latitude) North of 38th to
U.S.S.R.; south to U.S.
North Korea Attacks South Korea
• 1950, North Korea invades South, begins
Korean War
• South Korea calls on UN to stop invasion;
Security Council approves
• MacArthur put in command of South Korean,
U.S., other forces
Interactive
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The United States Fights in Korea
MacArthur’s Counterattack
• North Korea drives south, captures Seoul
• UN, South Korean troops forced into small
defensive zone
• MacArthur attacks North Koreans from 2 sides,
pushes into north
The Chinese Fight Back
• China sends troops to help North Korea; push
south, capture Seoul
• Fighting continues for 2 more years
Continued . . .
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continued
The United States Fights in Korea
MacArthur Recommends Attacking China
• MacArthur calls for war with China; Truman
rejects request
• UN, South Korea retake Seoul, advance north to
38th parallel
MacArthur Versus Truman
• MacArthur continues to push for invasion of China;
Truman fires him
Continued . . .
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continued
The United States Fights in Korea
Settling for Stalemate
• 1951, Soviet Union suggests cease-fire
• 1953 armistice: Korea still divided; demilitarized
zone (DMZ) established
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Section 3
The Cold War at Home
During the late 1940s and early 1950s, fear of
communism leads to reckless charges against
innocent citizens.
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The Cold War at Home
Fear of Communist Influence
Loyalty Review Board
• Truman accused of being soft on Communism
• Sets up Federal Employee Loyalty Program to
investigate employees
• 1947–1951 loyalty boards investigate 3.2 million,
dismiss 212
Continued . . .
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continued
Fear of Communist Influence
The House Un-American Activities
Committee
• House Un-American Activities Committee
investigates Communist ties
• Hollywood Ten refuse to testify, sent to prison
• Hollywood blacklist—people with Communist ties,
cannot get work
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Spy Cases Stun the Nation
Alger Hiss
Image
• Alger Hiss accused of spying for Soviet Union;
convicted of perjury
• Congressman Richard Nixon gains fame for
pursuing charges
The Rosenbergs
• Ethel, Julius Rosenberg, minor Communist Party
activists, implicated
• Rosenbergs sentenced to death; for helping soviets
develop the bomb. Supreme Court upholds
conviction
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McCarthy Launches His “Witch Hunt”
McCarthy’s Tactics
• Senator Joseph McCarthy a strong antiCommunist activist
• Ineffective legislator; needs issue to win reelection
• McCarthyism—attacking suspected Communists
without evidence
• McCarthy claims Communists in State Department
Continued . . .
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continued
McCarthy Launches His “Witch Hunt”
McCarthy’s Downfall
Image
• 1954, McCarthy accuses members of U.S. Army
• Televised hearings show him bullying witnesses
• Loses public support; Senate condemns him for
improper conduct
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Section 4
Two Nations Live on
the Edge
During the 1950s, the United States and the Soviet
Union come to the brink of nuclear war.
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4
Two Nations Live on the Edge
Brinkmanship Rules U.S. Policy
Race for the H-Bomb
• hydrogen bomb— more powerful than atom
bomb
• 1952, U.S. 1953, Soviets
The Policy of Brinkmanship
• John Foster Dulles, secretary of state under
Dwight D. Eisenhower
• Dulles proposes brinkmanship policy:
- willingness to risk nuclear war to prevent spread
of communism
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4
The Cold War Spreads Around the World
The Warsaw Pact
• West Germany’s entry into NATO scares Soviets
• Form Warsaw Pact—military alliance with
7 Eastern European countries
Map
Continued . . .
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continued
The Cold War Spreads Around the World
The Eisenhower Doctrine
• Soviet prestige in Middle East rises because of
support for Egypt
• Eisenhower Doctrine—U.S. will defend Middle
East against communists
Image
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The Cold War Takes to the Skies
A New Soviet Leader
• Nikita Khrushchev emerges as new Soviet
leader; favors:
- peaceful coexistence and economic, scientific
competition
The Space Race
Chart
• October 1957, Soviets launch Sputnik, first
artificial satellite
• Shocked Americans pour money into own space
program
Continued . . .
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Ch 19
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