Transcript Chapter 11, Section 5 and Chapter 13, Sections 3-5

Totalitarianism
Review
Chapter 11, Section 5
and
Chapter 13, Sections 3-5
Totalitarianism
 Control over every aspect of public and
private life
 Propaganda (the attempt at changing a
person’s attitude toward a cause or a
position) was a tool used in
Totalitarianism.
 Freedoms of speech, press, and assembly
are usually taken away.
Fascism
 Promised to revive the economy, restore
order, and was about national pride.
Communism
The Communist Manifesto is
a short pamphlet urging
the working class to
revolt against factory
owners during the
Industrial Revolution.
Vladimir Lenin and Joseph
Stalin took ideas from
this pamphlet and
created a Communist
state in Russia (Soviet
Union).
Some liken this to socialism.
“The Dictatorship of the
Proletariat” became a
tyrannical dictatorship of
individuals who would
use all means, including
Gulags, to maintain their
power
Results of World War I
(1914-1918)
 The Treaty of Versailles contained
provisions that contributed to political
(blaming Germany for WWI) and
economic (Germany’s reparations)
problems of Europe.
 Disillusionment led to Totalitarianism
being embraced (Fascism)
Connection between WWI and
the Russian Revolution
 Losses of WWI helped trigger the
revolution
Prior to the Revolution
 terrible working conditions with low wages
 child labor and large gap between the rich
and poor
 authoritarian ruling party
Revolutionary Effects
 The March Revolution and the Bolshevik
Revolution of 1917 included
– withdrawing from WWI (peace with Germany
via Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)
• Food shortages
• Lenin insisted on ending involvement
– Civil War (1918-1920)
• Slogan: Peace, Land, and Bread
– Lenin and Bolsheviks gaining control of the
government
• Widespread support
Lenin in Power
 Stayed OUT of WWI
 Tackled inherited problems
 Signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
 Redistributed farms to peasants
Lenin’s Death creates Power
Struggle
 Joseph Stalin, the General Secretary of the
Communist Party, rose to the top (against
Lenin’s wishes)
 Stalin used terror tactics
 “Great Purge” of 1934-39
– Millions of deaths
• Revolution resisters
• Anyone threatening Stalin’s power
• Bolshevik helpers
Stalin’s Tactics
 Get rid of competition
 Limit individual freedoms (censorship)
 Intimidation and repression (police terror)
 Propaganda and slogans (indoctrination)
– Credited with transforming the Soviet Union
into a completely totalitarian state.
 Similar to rule under czars because both
established authoritarian form of
government.
Collective Farms
(not quite what peasants expected)
 Hundreds of families forced to supply food
for the state
 Economic reform
 Promoted by Stalin
 Resulted in the deaths of millions of
peasants
Socialist Realism
 Works of art showing how great is was to
live under communist rule.
Russia under Stalin
 Government owned industry and
production
 Goal of economic equality
 Human rights limited
 Stalin controlled economics, private lives,
and the government
 5 Year Plan to build up heavy industry
1920s Advances
 Radioactivity (Madame Curie)
 Theory of Relativity (Einstein)
 Penicillin (Alexander Fleming)
1920s Crash
 Stock Market crash of 1929 effects became
known as The Great Depression
 European countries felt effect because
many depended on American prosperity
Benito Mussolini
 Created the Fascist Party in
1919
 Came to power when he
forced his appointment as
Prime Minister (March on
Rome)
 Ruled Italy from 1922 until
1944
 Became involved in WWII
Wanted to restore Italy
when he invaded Ethiopia
to the glory days of
and then allied with Germany
the Roman Empire
Mussolini’s Rule
 Abolished democracy
 Organized a secret police force (Black
Shirts)
 Censored radio and publications
Adolf Hitler
 Wrote the book Mein Kampf
(propaganda) while in jail
– His blueprint for a new Europe,
and talked about the
extermination of all Jews.
 Came to power through free
elections
– People resented economic
crisis
Ruled Germany 1933 to 1945
Believed in supreme nature
of the Aryan or Germanic
races
 Began WWII when he
invaded Poland September 1,
1939
Why Nazis?
 Worldwide economic depression of the
1930s
 Appeal of Hitler (great public speaker)
 Dissatisfaction with the Versailles
Treaty
 Unemployed Germans were given
hope by their nationalistic message and
wanted to blame others for their
problems
Hitler’s Rule
 Promised to return Germany to greatness
 German Fascism =Nazism
 Dictatorship (Der Fuhrer)
 Banned all political parties except Nazis
 Turned the press, radio, literature, painting,
and film into propaganda tools
 Created the SS that murdered Hitler’s
enemies
Hitler’s Germany
 Nazis blamed Jews as scapegoats for all of
Germany’s troubles since WWI
 Passed laws depriving Jews of their rights
(Nuremburg Laws)
 Initiated violent attacks against Jews
(Kristallnacht)
Francisco Franco
 After he gained
power:
– Oppressed his
enemies
– Faced a starving
nation
Dictator of Spain:
1936-1975
Franco’s Rule
 Created a dictatorship
 Known as El Caudillo
 Turned the press, radio, literature, painting,
and film into propaganda tools
Civil War Erupts in Spain
 Republicans overthrow
monarchy.
 1936- Fascist Francisco
Franco raises army to take
control of govt.
 Hitler & Mussolini send
troops, tanks, airplanes to
Franco’s troops 
NATIONALISTS.
 1939- Franco becomes
dictator.
Dictator Comparisons
Differences
 Stalin was
Communist
 Mussolini, Hitler,
and Stalin banned
churches
– Franco revitalized
the Catholic Church
Similarities
 Mussolini, Hitler, and Franco
were Fascist
 All four dictators
– rebuilt the economy
– Censored all opposition
– Limited art movements
– Absolute power over the country
 Soviets and Nazis had
electoral majority support
 Stalin, Hitler, and Mussolini
had youth programs to
increase nationalism and
loyalty to the state