Transcript Major Provisions of the Treaty of Versailles

Lecture 1a
Causes of World War II
From a World
Perspective
(A review of LAst YeAr’s HistorY)
•German Surrender Terms  The Treaty of
Versailles
•required to admit total blame for starting WWI
•To pay for the total cost of WWI, including homes
and factories destroyed; ammunition; uniforms; and
pensions for Allied soldiers. When the treaty was
signed, estimates for reparations were as high as
$30 billion (1918 dollars)
•limit the size of their army and turn their naval fleet
over to the Allies.
•Germany lost all of its colonies and even some of its
border lands
• Austria-Hungary, Germany’s chief ally in WWI,
was divided into four independent nations: Austria,
Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia
• Five other independent nations were established
along Germany’s border with the Soviet Union to
prevent the spread of communism: Poland,
Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
•Everyone (WWI allies and WWI Central
Powers) was freaked out by Communism,
which called for an end to private wealth
Before WWI
After WWI
• Two international peacekeeping organizations
were established by the treaty: the League of
Nations and the World Court.
• League member countries were obligated to assist
one another in stopping international aggression.
• The World Court was set up to mediate disputes
between countries.
The Harshness of the Treaty of
Versailles Embittered European
Relations for a Generation
• In 1923 France invaded part of Germany to force payment
of reparations
• In 1932 Germany turned to Hitler and the Nazi party based
on the party’s promise to violate the terms of the Treaty of
Versailles and to return honor to Germany
• In the mid 30s Hitler began to act on his aggressive
promises
– Remilitarized
– Invaded Austria and then other countries
• Mussolini, the Italian dictator who Hitler’s modeled himself
on, became the follower, copying Hitler’s aggressive
policies
– Attacked Ethiopia
Totalitarianism  Fascism v Communism
• Totalitarianism
– A government that seeks total control over all aspects of life
– Uses technology to ensure this
– Has a great and radical ‘goal’ for the country
• Fascist Totalitarianism v Communism Totalitarianism
– Fascist
• Germany and Italy
• Based on superiority of nation and race
• Goal  purify race and expand
– Communist
• Russian/Soviet
• Based on the superiority of the working class
• Goal  destroy class and expand
– In practice, the societies created by each were similar
•
•
•
•
Propaganda and censorship
Dictatorship
Aggressiveness
No natural rights
Lecture 1b
Causes of World War II
From a U.S.
Perspective
America Returns to Isolationism
• Do we remember
why?
– Congress feared
losing its power to
declare war to the
League of
Nations.
– Americans feared
being pulled into
another
European/World
War.
Trouble Brewed in Europe,
Especially in the 30s, but the U.S.
mostly ignored it…
Why Ignore the Rise of Fascism in
Europe?
• In the 1930s, the U.S. had a few other
issues going on…
– GREAT DEPRESSION!!!
– Dust bowl
– Fight over New Deal
– Etc.
Without the Aid of the U.S., the
WWI allies (Britain and France)
followed a policy of Appeasement
• Appeasementgiving in to a
bully to avoid a
fight
• Don’t forget,
the Great
Depression
had spread to
England and
France, too…
The U.S. Could Not Stay Completely
Isolated  Growing Troubles with
Japan
• Japan was the most advanced non-western (think ‘nonEuropean’ or ‘non-white’) nation in the world
• They were growing tired of being mistreated by the west
– Example  no racial equality clause in Treaty of
Versailles
• Japan dreamed of building a Pacific Empire to become a
first rate power
• The U.S. viewed the Pacific as their ‘Sphere of Influence’
(think  Open Door Policy)
• Japan, inspired by the boldness and successes of the
Germans and Italians, shifted towards Totalitarianism/
Fascism
What were the causes of WWII?
German bitterness over the loss of WWI and the
harsh punishments of the treaty
Totalitarian leaders tried to deal with the problems of the
1920s and 1930s by seeking conquest and revenge
Democratic nations decided not to challenge Totalitarian
Aggression, hoping to deal with other problems and
avoid another terrible world war.
Hansen
U.S. History
Name ___________________
Period __________________
Causes of World War II
Lecture 1a  From a World Perspective
•
___________ of Germany
–
German Surrender Terms  The Treaty of Versailles
• required to admit total __________________________
• To _______________________ , including homes and
factories destroyed; ammunition; uniforms; and
pensions for Allied soldiers. When the treaty was
signed, estimates for ___________ were as high as
$_____________ (1918 dollars)
• ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
• Germany lost all of its colonies and even ___________
____________________________________________
•
Other Territorial Changes
–
_____________________ , Germany’s chief ally in WWI, was
divided into four independent nations: Austria, Hungary,
Yugoslavia, and ________________________
–
Five other independent nations were established along
Germany’s border _______________________________ to
prevent ____________________________________: Poland,
Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
• Everyone (__________ and ____________________)
was freaked out by Communism, which called for ____
____________________________________________
•
International Organizations Established
–
Two international ___________________________________
by the treaty: the League of Nations and the World Court.
–
League member countries were _______________________
_________________________________________________.
–
The World Court was set up ________________________
between countries.
•
The Harshness of the Treaty of Versailles Embittered European
Relations for a Generation
–
In 1923 France ____________________________________
_________________________________________________
–
In 1932 Germany turned to ___________________________
on the party’s promise to _____________________ of the
Treaty of Versailles and ____________________ to Germany
–
In the mid 30s Hitler began to act on his aggressive promises
• _________________________
• ___________________________
–
•
Mussolini, the Italian dictator who Hitler’s modeled himself
on, __________________________________
___________________________________________
•
Attacked _______________
Totalitarianism  Communism v Fascism
–
Totalitarianism
•
A government that seeks __________________
_________________________________________
•
Uses technology to ensure this
•
Has a great and radical ______________________
–
Fascist Totalitarianism v Communism Totalitarianism
•
Fascist
– _________________________________
– Based on superiority of ________________
– Goal  ____________________________
•
Communist
– ________________________________
– Based on the superiority of _____________
___________________________________
– Goal  ____________________________
•
In practice, the societies created by each were similar
– _________________________________
– Dictatorship
– Aggressiveness
– __________________________________
Lecture 1b  From a U.S. Perspective
•
U.S. Reaction to the Treaty of Versailles
–
_____________________________________________
•
U.S. Returns to Isolationism
–
Do we remember why?
•
________________ feared losing its power ______
__________________________________________.
•
Americans feared being pulled into _____________
_________________________________________.
•
Trouble Brewed in Europe, Especially in the 30s, but the U.S. mostly
ignored it…
•
Why Ignore the Rise of Fascism in Europe?
–
In the 1930s, the U.S. had a few other issues
going on…
•
•
•
•
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
Etc.
•
•
•
Without the Aid of the U.S., the WWI allies (Britain and France)
followed a policy of Appeasement
–
Appeasement- ____________________________________
________________________________________________
–
Don’t forget, the Great Depression had ________________
________________________________________________
The U.S. Could Not Stay Completely Isolated  ______________
________________________
–
Japan was the _________________________________
(think ‘non-European’ or ‘non-white’) ___________________
–
They were growing tired of being ______________________
• Example  ________________________________ in
Treaty of Versailles
–
Japan dreamed of building a __________________________
_________________________________________________
–
The U.S. viewed the Pacific as their __________________
______________ (think  __________________________)
–
Japan, inspired by the _______________________________
_____________________ , shifted towards ______________
_______________________________
Causes of World War II
–
Treaty of Versailles _____________________________________
_________________________________________________
–
Aggression ___________________________________________
_________________________________________________
–
Appeasement __________________________________________
_________________________________________________