Transcript War in Europe and Africa

War in Europe and
Africa
To win the war, the Allies
had to regain control of
North Africa and most of
Europe.
January 1, 1942, the United
States and 23 other Allied
nations came together to defeat
the Axis Power.
> 1st Goal: Allied would
defeat Hitler 1st before Japan
• Problem: if the German defeated
the Soviets, Germany might be
unstoppable.
• Stalin wanted…the USA to
launch a major attack on
Germany
• Instead…the Allies made plans
to attack North Africa
Landing in Algeria and Morocco on
November 8, 1942, American,
British, and Canadian troops
under the command of American
General Dwight D. Eisenhower,
advanced East. Sadly, they were
defeated by the Germans.
General
Eisenhower
Later, American
General George
Patton drove the
Germans out of
North Africa in
May 1943. 
Operation Torch
The Allies used bases in North
Africa to launch an invasion of
Italy.
• What country did they need to
st
invade 1 before they invaded
Italy?
•Operation Husky: Invasion of
Sicily on July 10, 1943
General
Patton:
Invasion
of Sicily
* Used
Sherman
Tanks*
*Show Film
Clip: Patton
Italy
Sher
man
*Invasion of
Italy:
Operation
Avalanche 
3 September
1943
Invasion of Italy
As the Allies advanced…
Italians killed Mussolini and
surrendered
• FYI: Italians hung him upside
down in the time’s square.
Anyone that wanted to come
by for punching bag practice,
could.
Air War Over Germany
• American Air Force would bomb
German cities during the day
• British Air Force would bomb
the same areas, but at night
• 30,000 Germans died, but they
did not surrender
Eastern Front: pg. 773 – 774
• Leningrad:
• Moscow:
• Stalingrad:
The Eastern Front: Soviet Union vs.
Germans
Leningrad:
German
blockade for
872 days;
Soviets did
not
surrender
Started Sept. 8, 1941
• Moscow: German attack &
German retreat
Oct. 1941 – Jan. 1942
“We will defend
Moscow!”
Anti – Tank Defense Line
Soviet Women in War Factories
Women Building Anti – Tank Trenches
• Stalingrad: Germans took
the city, but had a counter –
attack; Germans were forced
to surrender
July 17, 1942 – February 2, 1943
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQRdFYv
cWjQ
As the Soviets
pushed toward
Germany from
the east, the
Allies were
planning a
massive
invasion of
France from
the west.
Commander of the Allied
Force: Eisenhower
Invasion Code Name:
Operation Overlord
Allied troops would invade
on the coast of Normandy
June 6, 1944 (D – Day) =
Allies landed on the coast
Turning Point: beginning of
the end for Hitler  Hitler
takes the defense
Screaming Eagle,
Airborne Unit
st
101
Question
Why didn’t the Allies choose
General Patton to be the leader of
the D – Day invasion? Answer
the question in 2 – 3 sentences
Operation Quicksilver: June 6, 1944
• Patton was sitting on the shores of
England at the head of a fake army. 
English Channel
• He was part of the largest and most
successful deception operation of
World War II.
• The plan was used to conceal the build
up of the Allied Army and disguise the
destination of the invasion.
On August 25, 1944, French and
American soldiers marched
through Paris.
> Germany was surrounded:
Soviets from the East &
Americans/British from the
West and South (Italy)
> Germans last chance: Battle
of the Bulge  Dec. 16, 1944
> Allied Victory: 100,000 Allied
casualties
Battle of the
Bulge
*Lasted 5
weeks*
The Siege of Bastogne was a fight between
American and German forces at the Belgian
town of Bastogne, as part of the larger Battle of
the Bulge. The goal of the Germans was the
harbor. In order to reach it before the Allies
could regroup and bring their stronger air
power, German forces had to seize the
roadways through eastern Belgium. Because all
seven main roads in the Ardennes mountain
range joined on the small town of Bastogne,
control of its crossroads was vital to the
German attack. The siege lasted from Dec. 20
to Dec. 27 when the exhausted American
forces were relieved by General Patton's Army.
*You Do Not Need to Write this Down!*
Ardennes Mountain Range
*Side Note: With over 800,000 men
committed and over 19,000
Americans killed, the Battle of the
Bulge was the largest and bloodiest
battle that American forces
experienced in World War II.
Final Phase: of the war in Europe
Soviets surrounded Berlin
Hitler committed suicide on
April 30, 1945
Germany signed
unconditional surrender on
May 7, 1945
*Side Note: Since Hitler killed
himself, Field Marshal Wilhelm
Keitel signed the ratified
surrender terms for the
German military in Berlin.
The Allies declared May 8, 1945,
V – E Day for Victory in Europe.
President Roosevelt did not
share in the Allied victory. He died
on April 12, 1945. The next
president was Harry S Truman.
President
Truman
Holocaust
> As the Allies started closing in on
the Germans, they found horrible
evidence of Nazi brutality.
> Genocide on Jewish people
> Concentration Camps: prison
camps for the Jewish people
• Auschwitz: largest camp; 1 – 2
million people were killed
• Holocaust: 6 million Jews died
–POWs
–Gypsies
–People with handicaps
Holocaust
• Word Origin: Greek
• Whole (Holos) Burnt (kaustos)
1. A sacrifice destroyed by fire
2. A thorough destruction
especially by fire
Essential Question
What were the major turning points
of the war in Europe? Make a
timeline of the invasions on the
back of your notes.