Transcript World War II

*WWI?
*Central Powers?
*Allied Powers?
*Treaty of Versailles?
*Great Depression?
*
*Totalitarian/Fascist Governments
*Japan - Hirohito
*Germany - Hitler
*Italy – Mussolini
*Totalitarian/Communist Government
*USSR- Stalin
*
Causes of WWII
*WWLOND??
What Would League of Nations Do?
*Japan
Prior to WWI
‡ Commodore
Matthew Perry
Prior to WWII
‡ Militarists wanted
to solve the
country’s problems
‡ Treaty of Kanagawa
through foreign
expansion
‡ Meiji
Era/Modernization ‡ Poor Relations with
USA
‡ Sino Japanese War
‡ Russo Japanese War
Invaded Manchuria
in 1931
WWLOND?
League of Nations did
nothing in spite of
protests.
Japan pulled out of
the League in 1933.
*Who: Japanese military and Nanjing citizens
*What: Japanese killed and raped Chinese soldiers and citizens
*Where: Nanjing, China
*When: 1937
*Why: Japanese wanted more land (trying to conquer China)
USA’s Response:
‡ Refused to recognize Japan’s conquests in
Asia
‡ Imposed an embargo on exports of oil &
steel to Japan
*Italy
*
Prior to WWI
Prior to WWII
‡ Nationalism
Unification
Movement
‡ Mussolini’s Fascist
Party Takes Control
‡ Cavour
‡ Dreamed of
Colonial Empire in
Africa
‡ Garibaldi
‡ Encouraged by
Japan’s success
WWLOND?
Britain and France
gave in to
Mussolini to keep
peace in Europe
*Who: Mussolini (Italy) vs. Ethiopia
*What: Italy invaded Ethiopia
*When: October 1935
*Where: Ethiopia
*Why: Italy wanted more land & wanted
to become world power
*Spain
*Who: Francisco Franco (Fascist)
versus Loyalists (democratic
government); Germany/Italy vs.
Soviet Union
*What: Civil War
*When: 1936
*Where: Spain
*Why: Franco and rebels wanted a
Fascist government
*Germany
Prior to WWI
Prior to WWII
‡ Otto von Bismarck
‡ Hitler violates the
Treaty of Versailles
‡ Realpolitik
‡ Withdraws from
LON in 1933
‡ Renounces Treaty
of Versailles in
1935; militarizes
*
Rhineland on March 7, 1936.
The Rhineland was a part of Western Germany
where German troops had not been allowed
since WWI in order to protect France from
attack.
WWLOND?? Appeasement
*October 1936:
Hitler and Mussolini
sought an alliance
with each other called
the Rome-Berlin Axis.
*November 1936:
Germany made an
agreement with Japan.
*Germany, Japan, and
Italy became known as
the Axis Powers.
*March 1938: Hitler sent his troops to annex
Austria in spite of the prohibition of Anschluss
(union between Austria and Germany)
*WWLOND??
* ignored promises
to protect Austrian
independence
*Who: Hitler (Germany) vs.
Czechoslovakia
*What: Hitler wanted to add
(annex) the Sudetenland to his
empire
*When: September – October
1938
*Where: Sudetenland (west of
Czechoslovakia)
*Why: Hitler wanted more land
for his people; area forming
against Hitler
*
September 29, 1938
Meeting of Germany, France, Britain and Italy that was
proposed by Mussolini
*Neville Chamberlain (PM of Britain):preserve peace by
giving in to Hitler’s demand.
*Britain and France agreed to allow Hitler to take the
Sudetenland (appeasement) as long as he would demand no
more territory.
*
*Hitler violates the Munich Pact
Six months after the Munich Conference, Hitler
took Czechoslovakia, then Albania, and then Poland
*Nonaggression Pact
*August 23, 1939: Stalin talked with
Hitler and agreed publicly to never
attack one another; divide Poland &
the Baltics
*In the spring of 1939, Great Britain promised Poland,
Greece, Turkey, and Romania that if Hitler attacked
them, the British would come to their aid.
.
*
*September 1,
1939:
*Germany invades
Poland
*England & France
declare war on
Germany on
September 3, 1939
*
*New War Tactic: Blitzkrieg or
lighting war
*Dive bombers attacked from the
air to damage defenses
*Infantry followed: tanks &
artillery then foot soldiers
*
*Polish air force = destroyed
*Polish soldiers = no match for
Germans
*Polish landscape = no natural
barriers to slow the blitzkrieg
*
*Spring 1940
Germans invaded Denmark & Norway (lightly
defended)
*May 1940
Germans go through Netherlands & Belgium
Look towards Northern France
*
*May 1940 = northeast
France
Germans attack Ardennes
Dense forest region near
French/
Belgian border
(undefended)
Germans move northwest
to coast
_
*
_
*Dunkirk = coastal town
(northwest France, near
English Channel)
* German troops trapped
hundreds of thousands of Allied
troops
* Allied military & civilian ships
saved over 300,000 
retreated to Great Britain
*
*June 22, 1940
France surrendered to
Germany
*Germany occupied
France
*Vichy France:
*area under control
of French officials
cooperating with
Hitler
After such attacks,
should racially
similar people lose
their rights in the
united states?
Free French & Resistance
*General Charles DeGaulle led
the government in exile – Free
French
*Resistance Fighters continued to
try to disrupt German occupation
of France with assassination &
sabotage
Battle of Britain
Battle of Britain
*In 1940 Germany began
a massive bombing
campaign to demoralize
Great Britain
*The RAF successfully
defended Great Britain
via radar!
America’s
Supporting Role
a)Cash and Carry
b)Lend-Lease
c) Atlantic Charter
Cash and Carry
*Allowed Allied nations to buy war goods from
the United States
*PROVISIONS:
*Required to pay in cash
*Required to transport the
goods on their own ships
Lend–Lease
*Allowed Allied
nations
to buy war goods
from
the United States
*PROVISIONS:
*Could buy goods
on credit in
exchange for leases
on military bases
The Atlantic Charter
Franklin Delanor Roosevelt & Churchill
agree on war aims (August 1941)
Japanese in the pacific
*Seized Hong Kong, Singapore, and invaded the
Philippines.
* Took both Thailand and Burma, which bordered India.
Pearl Harbor
in·tern·ment n.
1. The act of interning or confining,
especially in wartime.
2. The state of being interned; confinement
*Hitler had been secretly planning a series
of military operations against the Soviet
Union since the summer of 1940.
*Hitler did not trust the Soviets.
*June 1941
* On June 22, 1941, Hitler launched his campaign
against the Soviet Union using blitzkrieg. (Event
6: The Soviet Union Invasion)
* They unsuccessfully tried to take over Leningrad
and Moscow.
*The winter weather of 1941 stopped them.
*
*July 1942
* The Germans try to conquer the USSR again by
taking Stalingrad (Battle of Stalingrad)
* February 2, 1943: 90,000 frostbitten, halfstarved German troops surrendered to the
Soviets
* This was a huge victory for the Soviets as the
Germans were no on the defensive.
*Summer 1943
* The Red Army began to push the Nazi armies
back to Germany.
*
* The United States Enters the War
* December 7th, 1941: The Japanese attacks the
United States fleet at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii by
surprise.
* Half of the ships in the US Navy were destroyed
* December 8th, 1941: The United States declares
war on Japan.
* December 11th, 1941: Italy and Germany
(remember the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis?) declare
war on the United States.
*
* The Japanese considered it dishonorable to
surrender, and they had contempt for the prisoners
of war in their charge.
* They forced a march of more than 50 miles up the
peninsula and subjected their captives to terrible
cruelties:
* “I was questioned by a Japanese officer, who found out
that I had been in a Philippine Scout Battalion. The
[Japanese] hated the Scouts…anyway, they took me
outside and I was forced to watch as they buried six of my
Scouts alive. They made the men dig their own graves,
and then had them kneel down in a pit. The guards hit
them over the head with shoves to stun them and piled
earth on top.”
-Lieutenant John Spainhower
*
*
* Where did it take place? One of the Solomon Islands
* Who was involved? Japan & the U.S.
* What happened?
* Japan constructed an airfield there
* US Marines surprised them and seized the airfield before the Japanese
completed it and made it a major stronghold
* Why was it important? It was another major turning point in favor of
the Allies in the Pacific War.
*September 1940: Italy attacked the
British forces in Egypt.
*The German and British armies did most
of the fighting in North Africa.
*At El Alamein, in 1942, the Germans
were finally forced to retreat.
*Operation Torch
* The first fighting between American and
German troops in WWII.
*June 1944: The Allies capture Rome
and defeat the Italians.
*
*Churchill and Roosevelt met together aboard a
warship in the Atlantic Ocean and signed the
Atlantic Charter.
*This supported the right of all people to choose their
own government.
*It proposed a world organization be established to
keep peace.
*The Allies agreed that Germany, Italy, and Japan must
be forced to accept unconditional surrender.
*
*November 1943: Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
met at Teheran (Iran) and agreed to launch the
Allied invasion of Western Europe.
*June 6, 1944: D-Day
* This was the largest invasion in history.
* Within a month, more than one million Allied soldiers landed on
the beaches of Normandy in France.
*December 1944: The Germans were pushed back to their
own border.
*March 1945: The American army crossed the Rhine River
into Germany.
*April 1945: The Russians reach Berlin, Germany.
*May 2nd, 1945: Berlin falls to the Allies.
*May 7th, 1945: The German forces surrender. (A week
before Germany surrendered, Hitler committed
suicide.)
*
*