Transcript Prokaryotic cells

CELLS
Building Blocks
of Life
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Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells
• Very simple
• Few internal
structures
• DNA is NOT enclosed
in a nucleus
• NO membrane-bound
organelles
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Examples of Prokaryotic Cells
Photos: Daniel Kunkel
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Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
• Very complex
• Many internal
structures
• DNA is enclosed in a
nucleus
• Many membranebound organelles like
mitochondria and
Golgi bodies
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Examples of Eukaryotic Cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html?tqskip1=1&tqtime=0919
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Cell Membrane
Cell membrane:
The protective layer
around all cells. The
cell membrane
controls what goes in
and what goes out of
cells.
The Fence
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Cell Wall
Cell Wall:
Tough, rigid outer covering found in plants, algae,
fungi, and bacteria. Animal cells do not have cell
walls. Cell walls protect and support.
The Brick Wall
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/cellwall.htm
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Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm:
The gel-like material
inside cells. This is
where many of the
chemical reactions
take place
The Filler
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The Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton:
Helps the cell maintain OR change its shape.
Some organisms move by stretching and
contracting the cytoskeleton.
The Bones
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/cytoskeleton.html?tqskip1=1&tqtime=0919
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The Nucleus
Nucleus:
Directs all the activities of
the cell. The DNA in
the nucleus contains
the instructions for
everything the cell
does. The nucleus is
surrounded by its own
membrane.
The Brain
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Nuclear Membrane
• Protects the nucleus and allows certain
substances to pass in and out of the
nucleus.
• “Gate of Nucleus”
– Example: Acts as the walls and entrance
(think about the school building’s walls and
entrances)
Chromosomes
• Direct the activities and give instructions to
the cell. They are made of DNA.
• “Director of the Cell”
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The Mitochondria
Mitochondria:
Break down food
(sugars) into carbon
dioxide and water.
This reaction releases
the stored energy in
the cell (ATP).
The Furnace
The Powerhouse
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Mitochondria at Work
http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/cells.htm
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The Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts:
Use the energy from the
sun to convert carbon
dioxide and water into
sugars (food) through
the process of
photosynthesis.
Animal cells do not
have chloroplasts.
The Sugar Factory
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Chloroplasts at Work
http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/cells.htm
http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/cells.htm
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum:
One long membrane
that connects the
nuclear membrane to
the cell membrane. It
has many folds.
Proteins and other
chemicals move
along this membrane.
The Highway System
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The ER at Work
http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/cells.htm
http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/cells.htm
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The Ribosomes
Ribosomes:
Made in the nucleolus,
these organelles
move out of the
nucleus to the
cytoplasm. They have
no membranes that
surround them. They
make proteins.
The Protein Factory
http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/cells.htm
http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/cells.htm
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The Golgi Bodies
Golgi Bodies:
These organelles sort, fold, package, and deliver
proteins and other chemicals to areas inside and
outside the cell.
The UPS Store: Sort, Pack, and Deliver
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Golgi Bodies at Work
http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/cells.htm
http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/cells.htm
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The Lysosomes
Lysosomes:
These contain digestive chemicals (enzymes) that
break down food particles, waste products, and
damaged cell parts for recycling. These are
much more important in animal cells.
The Recycling Center
http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/
files/cells.htm
http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/
files/cells.htm
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The Vacuoles
Vacuoles:
These temporarily store
water, food, and
waste materials.
These are very large
and very important in
plant cells. They also
provide support and
give it shape.
The Storage Tank
http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/cells.htm
http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/cells.htm
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References
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/introduction.html
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/cells.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zafJKbMPA8&feature=related
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Gallery of Cells
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