Transcript Prokaryotic cells

CELLS
Building Blocks
of Life
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Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells
• Very simple
• Few internal
structures
• DNA is NOT enclosed
in a nucleus
• NO membrane-bound
organelles
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Examples of Prokaryotic Cells
Photos: Daniel Kunkel
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Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
• Very complex
• Many internal
structures
• DNA is enclosed in a
nucleus
• Many membranebound organelles like
mitochondria and
Golgi bodies
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Examples of Eukaryotic Cells
Amoeba
Paramecium
Plant cells
Human Neuron
(nerve cell)
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Cell Membrane
Cell membrane:
The protective layer
around all cells. The
cell membrane
controls what goes in
and what goes out of
cells.
The Fence
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Cell Wall
Cell Wall:
Tough, rigid outer covering found in plants, algae,
fungi, and bacteria. Animal cells do not have cell
walls. Cell walls protect and support.
The Brick Wall
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Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm:
The gel-like material
inside cells. This is
where many of the
chemical reactions
take place
The Filler
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The Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton:
Helps the cell maintain OR change its shape.
Some organisms move by stretching and
contracting the cytoskeleton.
The Bones
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The Nucleus
Nucleus:
Directs all the activities of
the cell. The DNA in
the nucleus contains
the instructions for
everything the cell
does. The nucleus is
surrounded by its own
membrane.
The Brain, The Skull
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The Mitochondria
Mitochondria:
Break down food
(sugars) into carbon
dioxide and water.
This reaction releases
the stored energy in
the food,
The Furnace
The Power Plant
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Mitochondria at Work
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The Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts:
Use the energy from the
sun to convert carbon
dioxide and water into
sugars (food). Animal
cells do not have
chloroplasts.
The Sugar Factory
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Chloroplasts at Work
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum:
One long membrane
that connects the
nuclear membrane to
the cell membrane. It
has many folds.
Proteins and other
chemicals move
along this membrane.
The Highway System
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The ER at Work
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The Ribosomes
Ribosomes:
Made in the nucleolus,
these organelles
move out of the
nucleus to the
cytoplasm. They have
no membranes that
surround them. They
make proteins.
The Protein Factory
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The Golgi Bodies
Golgi Bodies:
These organelles sort, fold, package, and deliver
proteins and other chemicals to areas inside and
outside the cell.
The UPS Store: Sort, Pack, and Deliver
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Golgi Bodies at Work
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The Lysosomes
Lysosomes:
These contain digestive chemicals (enzymes) that
break down food particles, waste products, and
damaged cell parts for recycling. These are
much more important in animal cells.
The Recycling Center
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files/index1.htm
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The Vacuoles
Vacuoles:
These temporarily store
water, food, and
waste materials.
These are very large
and very important in
plant cells. They also
provide support.
The Closet
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References
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/cells.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zafJKbMPA8&feature=related
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Gallery of Cells
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