Transcript World War II - Walton High

World War II
Part I: The Causes
and Start of the
War
Causes and Start of the War:
Japan
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Japan Invaded Manchuria in 1931
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Why
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How - _____________________
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Japan needed more natural resources (______________________)
__________________ hit Japan hard!
More conservative leaders of the government and military becoming
powerful influences in society (and with the Emperor, Hirohito)
Japan controlled a railway system in Manchuria
_______________________________________________________
Japanese government claimed that Chinese nationalists were to
blame – sent in army to “protect its interests in Manchuria”
Manchuria made into a puppet state of Japan
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Renamed ______________________
Puppet leader – _________________________________________
Causes and Start of the War:
Japan
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Japan condemned for actions:
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League of Nations – investigated the events in
Manchuria and concluded that Japan was at
fault
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_________________________________________
______________
USA – also condemned Japanese actions
and refused to recognize the existence of
Manchukuo
Causes and Start of the War:
Japan
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Japan Invaded China in 1937
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Why – China would provide resources as well as a
way to move into SE Asia and parts of Russia to take
them over
Japanese forces quickly took major population centers
(______________________) and Northeastern China
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Japanese forces committed atrocities on Chinese people
Chinese not able to fight back – conflict between
Communists (led by ____________) and Nationalists (led by
________________)
Actions again (weakly) condemned by __________________
__________________________
Causes and Start of the War:
Japan
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Japan targeted SE Asia Next
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USA warned Japanese that it would impose economic sanctions
if it moved troops into SE Asia and if Japan did not withdraw
from China and Manchuria
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USA still a little angry over the sinking of one of its ships by
Japanese in 1937 and thinks that Japan is too aggressive
USA was Japan’s Major supplier of ___________________ – these
sanctions would hurt Japan!
Japanese felt that USA was a roadblock to the success of
Japanese expansion
Late 1940 – Mid 1941 – Japan invaded French Indochina
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USA hits Japan with sanctions
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Stops selling ________________ to Japan
________________________________
December 1941 – Japanese Naval attacks on ________
_____________________________________________
Causes and Start of the War:
Italy
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Mussolini ordered the invasion of _______
in October 1935
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________________________ did nothing!
________________________ did nothing!
Causes and Start of the War:
Germany
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Hitler Violated the Treaty of Versailles Repeatedly
between 1935 – 1938 with Nobody Stopping Him!
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March 1935 – Military build-up
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March 1936 – Hitler ordered troops to occupy the ___________
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______________________________________
____________
Hitler only warned by Britain, France, and Italy
France did nothing
Britain began policy of _________________
1936 – Treaties with other powers:
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_________________________________________
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Hitler had supported Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935
Both Hitler and Mussolini helped Franco in ______________________
__________________________________ – anti-USSR/Communism
agreement
Causes and Start of the War:
Germany
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Hitler Violated the Treaty of Versailles
Repeatedly between 1935 – 1938 with Nobody
Stopping Him!
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March 1938 – ________________________________
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Austrian Chancellor forced to appoint Austrian Nazis to
positions in Austrian Government
_________________ assassinated by Nazi agents and action
blamed on foreign agents
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This was used as a pretense for Austrian Nazis to “appeal to
Germany for help against the foreign agents”
German Army moved into Austria on ___________________
Austria Annexed on the next day
Causes and Start of the War:
Germany
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Hitler Violated the Treaty of Versailles Repeatedly
between 1935 – 1938 with Nobody Stopping Him!
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September 1938 – ____________________________________
_________________________________________
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Hitler made an ultimatum to the Czechoslovakian government that
he would risk “world war” to allow the German people of the
Sudetenland to join with Germany
A peace conference was arranged by ________________________
___________ to solve the crisis
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The Conference took place in Munich
_________________________________________________________
participated
The Agreement:
 Sudetenland  Germany
 _____________________________________________________
_________________________________
 Sovereignty of Czechoslovakia would be upheld
Causes and Start of the War:
Germany
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March 1939
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Hitler sent troops into Czechoslovakia
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_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Mussolini sent troops into _______________
Hitler forced _____________ to give up the Germanspeaking city of Memel to Germany
Hitler made it known that he wanted to annex the
Polish Corridor and the city of Danzig
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_______________ vowed to declare war against Germany if
they attacked Poland
_________________ attempted to make an alliance with the
USSR (but did not because Stalin wanted territory, too)
Causes and Start of the War:
Germany
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August 1939 – Hitler and Stalin sign the ______
_________________________________
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Germany and USSR promise not to attack each other
and remain neutral if either side gets involved in a
war
Germany promised ___________________________
____________________________________
USSR promised ______________________________
__________________________
Poland Invaded on September 1, 1939 –
_______________________________
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Britain and France declared war on September 3,
1939
Part II: The Course
of the War
The War in Europe and North Africa
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September 1939 – April 1940: “Phony War”
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________________________________________
April 9, 1940: German Blitzkrieg invasions of _________
______________________
May 1940: Blitzkrieg invasions of ___________________
______________________________
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Allies caught off-guard and armies forced into the town of
Dunkirk
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For some (unexplained) reason German advance halts temporarily
 ___________________________________________
__________________ became the new Prime Minister of Britain
June 22, 1940: France Surrendered to Germany
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Northern France annexed by Germany
Southern France (and French North Africa)  _______________
____________________________________________________
The War in Europe and North Africa
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1940: USA out of War but Helps a Little:
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___________________________________ – ways to
lend and/or give Britain war materials
August 1940: _____________ signed by Churchill and
US President Franklin D. Roosevelt – pledge to work
against “Nazi Tyranny”
August - September 1940: The Battle of Britain
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The Plan = air superiority over Britain  Invasion of
Britain (____________________)
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Early stages – German attacks on British air defenses and
dogfighting between _________________________
Later – nightly bombing of London and other British cities to
weaken British Spirits
_______________________
The War in Europe and North Africa
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Italy got involved unsuccessfully…
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In Southern Europe
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October 1940: _______________________________
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_____________________ forces stopped Italian troops
____________________________ taken by Germany by 1941
 Germany sent troops into ________ and conquered it (and
_________________) by April, 1941
In Northern Africa
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December 1940: ___________________________________
___________________
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German tank commander ___________________________
and his Afrika Korps sent in by Hitler
Afrika Korps pushed British army back into ______________
The War in Europe and North Africa
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June 22, 1941 – Germany invaded ___________
____________________________
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Within a few months, this massive invasion had
almost destroyed the ______________ and had taken
over about _____________________________
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The Winter then set in
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_______________________________ under siege
Stalin orders a _______________________________
Poor Planning – ___________________________________
Soviet Counteroffensive in December 1941
By the Summer of 1942 the Germans again were on
the offensive in the Soviet Union
The War in Europe and North Africa
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The Turning Points of the European and
North African Part of the War
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In North Africa
July 1942: British westward counteroffensive
launched after ______________________ and his
troops beat the Afrika Korps at ________________
 November 1942: _______________ – US and Free
French Armies invaded Morocco and Algeria and
began a campaign moving eastward
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In the Soviet Union
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August 1942 – February 1943 – _______________
_________________________________________
__________________________
The War in Europe and North Africa
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January 1943: ___________________________
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Churchill, Roosevelt and DeGaulle decide to attack
__________ (“The soft underbelly” of the Axis) next
July 1943: Invasion of Italy began
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August 1943: ______________________________
September 3, 1943:
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Allies move into the Italian Peninsula
Italy Surrenders to Allies
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______________________ “fires” Mussolini and imprisons him
____________________ became the new Prime Minister
Italy joined the Allied side, but the Germans then quickly
occupied most of the Italian peninsula
 Mussolini freed by a German commando raid and set up as
a puppet dictator of German-controlled Northern Italy
The War in Europe and North Africa
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November 1943: Two more conferences
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_____________________________
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Churchill and Roosevelt met with Jiang Jeishi (leader of the
Nationalist Government of China)
Promised to help ___________________________________
___________________________
Promised to preserve Nationalist control of China and elevate
it to a global power after the War
___________________________
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Churchill and Roosevelt met with Stalin
The Plan
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___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
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Once Germany eliminated, then USSR would declare war on
Japan
The War in Europe and North Africa
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By June of 1944: _______________________
Operation Overlord
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Spring 1944: ______________________________
June 6, 1944: _____________________________
June – August 1944: Allied troops move into the
interior of France
August 25, 1944: ____________________________
August 1944 – March 1945: Offensive moved into
Germany
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Allied advance temporarily halted by a desperate
counteroffensive by the Germans = ____________________
Meanwhile, the Soviet Army was “liberating” eastern
Europe from Nazi occupation as well
The War in Europe and North Africa
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March 1945:
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Allied armies advancing on Germany from
both West (British, French, USA) and East
(Soviets)
_________________________________________
 Hitler killed himself in his Berlin bunker on April 30,
1945
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______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Soviet and Allied Troops met at Elbe River
 Remaining German authorities surrendered on ___
_________________________________________
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The War in The Pacific
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December 7, 1941: Japanese Attack on US Pacific Fleet
Headquarters at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
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USA declared war on Japan on December 8
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______________________________________________________
December 1941 – Spring 1942: Japan took over other
parts of SE Asia and Pacific Islands
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____________________________________________________
______, Several Island groups in the Pacific put under Japanese
control
Thailand was forced into an alliance with Japan
More Chinese territory taken, too
____________________________ – Japan wanted to make it
look like they were helping these people escape colonialism
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Instead, Japan became the new colonizer
The War in The Pacific
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The Turning Points
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May 7-8, 1942: ____________________________
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June 4, 1942: _____________________________
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Invasion of Australia prevented
First Naval battle in the history of naval warfare not fought directly
by ships, but by aircraft launched by ships!
4 Japanese aircraft carriers sunk
Allied Navy gained naval superiority over Japan
Fall 1942 – September 1944: 2 Major Operations
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“Island Hopping” to take islands back, eventually take Burma back,
and then move into South China
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_____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
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Another “island hopping” campaign to take islands in succession to
move within bombing range of Japan itself
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August 1942 – January 1943: ________________
November 1943: _____________
February 1944: __________________
Summer 1944: ________________________
September 1944: _____________
The War in The Pacific
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February 1945:
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_________________________
_________________________
March 1945: Tokyo Firebombed
April 1945: Okinawa taken by Allies
July 1945: _________________________
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Stalin met with two new leaders
USA – __________________________
 GB – ________________________
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Major Decision – the unconditional surrender
of Japan
The War in The Pacific
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The Dilemma:
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Japan Refused Surrender – What to do?
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Atomic Bombs Dropped on Japan
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August 6, 1945: ___________________
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_____________________ – would probably result in millions
of deaths of soldiers (on both sides) and civilians
______________________________________ – technology
largely untested
Still no surrender
August 9, 1945: ___________________
Japan Surrendered on August 14
Formal Surrender/Peace Treaty Signed on the
_________________________ on September 2
(“V-J Day”)
Part III: How War
Affected People
Examples of The War at Home:
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In the Soviet Union
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USSR invaded
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Soviets called WWII __________________________________
Caused huge resource shortages – some people had to eat mice or pets
Huge Military and Industrial Mobilization – _________________________
Women played a significant part in both industry and the military (as
soldiers and pilots)
In The USA
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Never ________________________________________
Massive economic mobilization
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_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Demographic changes
Racial Tensions
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_______________________________________
Japanese-Americans Put into Concentration Camps (NOT Death Camps)
Examples of The War at Home:
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In Nazi Germany
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At first, no need to increase production (stuff taken from
conquered countries)
Later, after War’s turning points, production had to increase a
lot
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Civilians had to deal with repeated bombing campaigns by Allies
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Women ________________________________________________
Firebombing of ________________________were very devastating
In Japan
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Traditional roles of people upheld (under guidance of Prime
Minister ___________________)
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People honored Emperor and obeyed him and government totally
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This should explain Kamikaze pilots’ actions!
Women _______________________________________________
When Production was to be boosted  Koreans and Chinese
people used as slave laborers!
Atrocities Committed by the Axis
Powers:
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German Racially-Based Policies
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______________________“Aryan” countries
(Holland, Denmark, Norway, Slovakia) –
Civilian governments run by Nazi
sympathizers from these countries
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e.g. Vikdun Quisling in Norway
_________________________ in conquered
areas that had “inferior” races (like France)
Policies for “undesirable” races:
_________________________
 _________________________
 The Holocaust/”Final Solution” = genocide
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Atrocities Committed by the Axis
Powers:
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German Racially-Based Policies
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Policies for “undesirable” races:
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The Holocaust/”Final Solution” = genocide
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Jews put into ghettos in German and German-conquered cities
____________________– death squads who rounded up Jews
in the USSR during the German invasion
 Forced Jews to dig their own mass graves and then shot
them
Concentration/Death Camps
 Jews, Gypsies, Slavs (Poles, Russians, Ukrainians,
Byelorussians, etc.) homosexuals, and people with physical
and mental disabilities systematically sent to these camps
in railroad freight cars
 _______________________________________________
 Some people used as slave laborers
 Most others executed in gas chambers and
_______________________________________________
Atrocities Committed by the Axis
Powers:
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Japanese Policies
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Colonies promised independence under Japanese
Authority, but in reality each was controlled by a
Japanese military colonial government
Native Peoples _______________________________
Japan took ___________________from the colonies
to fuel their war efforts
Promotion of Japanese values and subordination of
native customs that got in the way of the Japanese
values
Many Chinese and Korean peoples and Allied
prisoners of war ______________________________
“The Rape of Nanking [Nanjing]”
Part IV: Major
Effects of the War
and the Beginning
of the Cold War
Major Effects of the War
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____________________people dead!
War Crimes Trials for Axis authorities
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Most Famous ones = ___________________________________
Origins of the Cold War:
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______________of February 1945 (Roosevelt, Churchill and
Stalin met in the USSR right before Germany Surrendered)
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Germany to be divided into 4 zones of occupation
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Soviets allowed to control the eastern part of Poland, but Poland
would be recreated from some parts of German territory
Eastern Europe Liberated by USSR – Stalin promised to allow free
elections in Eastern Europe
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Divisions become the basis for the creation of
______________________________________________________
Stalin did not keep his promise from the Yalta Conference about free
elections and the USSR set up puppet governments there
Threat of ___________________________________________
Major Effects of the War
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Major Changes in Japan
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Political:
Emperor forced to _____________________
 Diet  completely representative democratic body
 _____________________________________
 Japan not allowed to have a military (and still is
not to this day!)
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Economic
more privatization of ______________________
 Foreign (mostly US) aid helps Japan quickly
recover and become a major economic
powerhouse
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