Transcript World War II

Assignment
Use Chapters 11 & 12 to define these key terms
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
 Fascism
 Rationing
 Appeasement
 Amphtrac
 Strategic Materials
 Kamikaze
 Concentration Camp
 Convoy System
 Extermination Camp
 Napalm
World War II
Today’s Standards
 US.56 Analyze the reasons for and consequences of the
rise of fascism and totalitarianism in Europe during
the 1930’s, including the actions of Hitler, Mussolini,
and Stalin.
 US.62 Identify the roles played and significant actions
of the following individuals in World War II:
· Adolph Hitler
· Benito Mussolini
· Hideki Tōjō
Causes of WWII
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Treaty of Versailles humiliated and bankrupted
Germany
Worldwide depression destroyed Germany’s and
Italy’s economies
Fascism
Imperialism (Japan and Italy)
Nationalism- extreme devotion to one nation
Anti-Semitism- hostility or discrimination against
Jews
Totalitarianism
 Government that exerts total control over the nation
and citizen's lives
Two types
1. Fascism- emphasizes importance of nation (or one
ethnic group) and the supreme authority of a leader
over that of the individual
2. Communism- government owns all land and
property, one political party, and needs of the
country take priority over the individual
Adolf Hitler
 Blamed Jews and Socialists
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for Germany’s defeat
Arrested for organizing a
military coup in 1923
Released from jail and
formed the National Socialist
German Workers Party
Used the economic
depression in Germany to
gain power by promising a
return to the pre-WWI glory
days
Saw Germans as a master race
(Aryans)
Holocaust
 Hitler’s “final solution” to the “Jewish problem”
 Millions of Jews and other minority groups were killed
in gas chambers (elimination chambers)
 Rest of the world did not find out about the Holocaust
until after the war
 German officials' put on trial in Nuremberg, Germany
by the allies for crimes against humanity (genocide)
 Several of the officials received the death penalty for
their part in the Holocaust
Benito Mussolini
 The father of
fascism
 Became Prime
Minster of Italy in
1922
 Invaded Ethiopia
in 1936
Rise of the Japanese Empire
 Japan starting in late 1800’s
underwent rapid
industrialization
 Industrialization was
organized by the military
control government
 Goal was to become the
strongest nation in Asia and
to control all other East Asian
nations (imperialism)
 Unofficial start of WWII was
the Japanese invasion of
Manchuria (northern China)
in 1931
Joseph Stalin
 Communist leader of
the Soviet Union
 Said to be the only man
Hitler feared
 Signed a
nonaggression pact
with Germany before
the start of WWII
WWII Begins
 Germany annexed Austria and parts of Czechoslovakia
in 1938
 England and France hoping to avoid war told Hitler he
could do this if he promised not to cause any more
trouble (appeasement)
 Germany, however, invaded Poland in 1939 starting
WWII
 France and England came to the aide of Poland but it
was too late
Dark Days for Europe
 Germany signs a nonaggression pact with the Soviet
Union (Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact )
 France falls to Germany in 1940 leaving England only
country left to fight Italy and Germany
 Germany in 1941 breaks its nonaggression pact and
invades the Soviet Union
 Germany’s blitzkrieg (lighting war) made it to the
suburbs of Moscow before Russian troops and the
Russian winter stopped their advance
Europe 1941
Winston Churchill
 Prime Minster of Great
Britain after the start of
WWII
 Had warned about the
dangers of Hitler before
the war began
 Helped Britain to hold
out against German air
attacks
America and WWII
 FDR saw Hitler as a serous threat but Americans
wanted no part of another European War
 US Congress passed Neutrality Acts that outlawed the
sale of any war materials or loans to any nation at war
 As Hitler gained power these Acts were ignored and
war materials were sold to Great Britain
 US latter loan materials to Britain in exchange for
leases on military bases (Lend-Lease Act)
Pearl Harbor
 December 7, 1941 “ A day
that will live in infamy”
 Japan launched a
surprise attack on the US
pacific fleet in Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii
 United States declares
war on Japan
 Germany declares war on
the USA
Assignment
 1/2 page response
 Which event do you believe had the larger impact on
America Pearl Harbor or 9-11? Why?
The Allies vs. The Axis
 The Allies
USA (FDR)
2. Soviet Union (Joseph
Stalin)
3. Great Britain (Winston
Churchill)
1.
 The Axis
Germany (Adolf Hitler)
2. Japan (Hideki Tojo)
3. Italy (Benito Mussolini)
1.
The Home Front
1. Women- went to work in factories
2. Urbanization- people moved to cities to work in
3.
4.
5.
6.
factories
Minority Employment- went to work in factories
GI Bill- allowed soldiers to go to college and buy a
house after the war
Rationing- helped conserve resources for war effort
Family Life- women forced to rely on family
members and friends for childcare
Rosie the Riveter
Office of War Information
 Controlled the release of all information concerning
the war effort
 Propaganda machine for the US war effort
 Job was to keep moral high, keep nation united, and
encourage all citizens to do their part in the war effort
1. Newspapers
2. Radio
3. Movies
4. Cartoons
5. Comics
Assignment
 Pick one of the four WWII propaganda Looney Tunes
and answer the following questions
1. What were symbols used in the cartoon and what did
they represent
2. What historical figures and countries were
represented in the cartoon?
3. What was the message of the cartoon?
4. Do you believe that the cartoon successfully promoted
its message? Why or Why Not? (answer in a half page
paragraph)
Key Battles in Europe
 North Africa- first area of Allied attack against Nazi
Germany
 Invasion of Italy- attempt by Allies to cut off Italy
from Nazi Germany became a stalemate
 D-day- Allied amphibious invasion of Normandy,
France, beginning of the end for Hitler
 Battle of the Budge- Hitler's final desperate attempt
to defeat the allies in Western Europe, caused a budge
in the Allies’ lines but ultimately failed
Key Battles of the Pacific
 Midway- Battle over a island/airfield half way between
Tokyo and Honolulu, first major victory by America
over Japan, large part of Japanese Navy destroyed
 Corral Sea- Last major Naval battle in Pacific, rest of
Japanese Navy destroyed
 Okinawa and Iwo Jima- Invasion of two small islands
near Japan, Heavy US casualties as Japanese soldiers
fought to the death, many civilians also committed
suicide rather than surrendering to American Forces
Manhattan Project
 Research and development
of the atomic bomb
 Most of the research done
in Oak Ridge, TN (Isolated
and access to TVA power)
 Oak Ridge chosen because
of its isolated locations
(fear of espionage)
 Provided the plutonium
and conducted tests on the
effects of plutonium and
radiation on people
The Atomic Bomb
 First weapon of mass destruction
 First bomb (Little Boy) dropped on Hiroshima
 Second bomb (Fat Man) dropped on Nagasaki
 Led to Japan’s unconditional surrender a few days
later
 Japan was allow to keep their emperor in a ceremonial
role
 Truman justified its use by stating it ended the war
quickly and saved American lives
Tennessee and WWII
 Cordell Hull- from TN, Secretary of State under FDR,
Held position longer than anyone in history, “Father of
the United Nations”
 Knoxville’s TVA- powered Oak Ridge
 Alcoa- Manufactured aluminum for Manhattan
Project
 Fort Campbell, KY- near Clarksville TN, training
facility for WWII soldiers, home of the 101st Airborne
today
 Camp Forest- Tullahoma TN, Army training camp for
WWII, later a POW camp for German soldiers
 Chattanooga War Production Plants- Produced
army ammunition (TNT) during WWII (site of current
VW plant)
Post War: USA vs. USSR
 Differences in
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Government and
Economics
USA: Democratic
Republic and Capitalism
Soviet Union:
Totalitarianism and
Communism
Disagreed over the fates of
European nations
The Cold War & the Iron
Curtain
Postwar Europe and Japan
 Marshal Plan- USA gave money to European
countries so they could rebuild after the war and avoid
another depression
 USA set up military bases in Germany and Japan (still
there today)