Transcript Japan

America
and
The Coming War
W
Dictators & Defenders
W
WWII
II
Georgia & WWII
The Coming War
The Coming War
 While America is in its own time of
depression so is Europe after the
devastation of WWI
 The European economy is in shambles and
many of the cities have been destroyed by
the war.
 The Central powers are having to pay
wartime reparations (payments to other
countries for war cost)
 People are largely without hope especially
in Germany
The Coming War
 In countries like Germany, politicians are trying
to get public support
 Parties such as the Nazi Party are using strong
nationalist feelings, corruption, and strong arm
tactics to gain control of the government.
 Italy also votes in a political party that pushes a
nationalist platform.
 The use of nationalistic feelings give these
countries something to focus on and a sense of
power.
The Coming War
 While feelings of nationalism is driving
several countries who were ravished by the
war, others who remained untouched are
still being driven by imperialism (Japan)
 Out of these countries will come strong
leaders with very definite agendas. The
opposing sides will have leaders of equal
determination.
 Germany, Italy and Japan will start the
events that will lead to World War II
Axis Powers
Dictators & Defenders
Allied Powers
Dictators & Defenders
Italy
Benito Mussolini Italy’s prime minister by 1922,
-starts fascism
Fascism—political movement in which
government controls society
Italy invades Libya, attacks Ethiopia in 1935
Dictators & Defenders
Germany
Adolf Hitler, another fascist leader, rises to power in 1933
Nazi Party is Hitler’s political organization
•
Hitler promises to strengthen Germany’s
economy and military
-heavy war damage payments from World
War I weaken Germany
•
Hitler stops all payments, builds military
•
Hitler invades Rhineland in 1935; France and
allies do nothing
Dictators & Defenders
Japan
• Japan occupies part of China in 1931, U.S.
condemns action
• Japan, Germany, Italy ally in 1940 (imperialism)
• U.S. blocks steel to Japan, freezes assets of
Japanese companies
• Hideki Tojo, Japan’s prime minister,
wants U.S. out of Pacific
Dictators & Defenders
England
Prime Minister is Winston Churchill who leads
his country in the face of an all powerful
German army.
Russia
Under the dictator Josef Stalin initially makes a
secret pact with Hitler but is betrayed and
joins the Allies.
United States
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt led the
country for four terms due to America’s
confidence in his leadership
Dictators & Defenders
Churchill
Stalin
Roosevelt
WWII
WWII
Germany Invades…
• Allies unwilling to use force to stop Hitler
from taking more land, try diplomacy
instead
• Hitler breaks promises, invades Poland,
Britain, France declare war on Germany,
hope Soviet Union will help
• Soviet leader Josef Stalin secretly plans to
side with Hitler.
WWII
• Germany invades more countries,
conquers France in June, 1940
• After France, Hitler launches Battle of
Britain
• German air force tries to defeat Great
Britain by heavy bombing
• Britain withstands bombing, but
desperately needs help
WWII
Germany Invades the Soviet Union
• Hitler launches surprise invasion of Soviet
Union, June 1941
• Soviets defend Moscow, Leningrad in
long, bloody campaigns
• Soviets switch to Allied side, lose 1 million
people by 1944
WWII
WWII
• Most Americans favor isolationism—staying out
of Europe’s affairs
• Americans eventually realize Hitler’s threat;
cannot remain neutral
• Lend-Lease Act of 1941 lets Roosevelt lend
allies military supplies
• German U-boats sink American supply ships
crossing Atlantic
• U.S. unofficially at war
• Propaganda starts for all
countries
Propaganda
* Information aimed at influencing the opinions or
behaviors of large numbers of people. Propaganda often
presents facts selectively (thus lying by omission). Gives
loaded messages in order to produce an emotional rather
than rational response. Designed to change people’s
attitude toward the subject in the target audience to
further a political agenda.
The Ducktators
Education for Death
WWII
 Attack on Pearl Harbor
• December 7, 1941, Japan attacks naval
base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• U.S. Pacific Fleet stationed there; 2,300
killed, 19 ships destroyed
• Congress declares war on Japan one day
after Pearl Harbor
• U.S. leaders decide to enter Europe first,
wait to fight in Pacific
Pearl
Harbor
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WWII
 America enter the war in Africa and drives
Italy and Germany out of Africa before
entering Europe(1942).
 Allied forces next attack and defeat Italy
(1943)
 Largest armada in history approaches
France on D-Day, June 6, 1944
 Allies move through France, free Paris
push toward Berlin
WWII
VE-Day
• Roosevelt dies April 1945,
Harry Truman becomes
president
-by then Allies are close to Hitler, but
he kills himself on April 30
• Germany surrenders on May 8, 1945, V-E
Day (Victory in Europe)
• Truman turns attention to war in Pacific
WWII
 The Holocaust
• Hitler wants to “purify” German race, remove
Jews from Europe
also wants to eliminate homosexuals, gypsies,
many with disabilities
• “Final Solution”—imprison them in concentration
camps and kill them
•
Holocaust -Over 6 million Jews killed in camps with an
estimated 11 million people killed in camps over 6 years
• The Jewish communities even in the United States
had seen discrimination.
WWII
The Pacific Theater (War with Japan)
 Pacific strategy: take islands gradually,
“island hopping” to Japan
• U.S. hops toward Japan 1942-1945
-also bombs cities, factories, facilities
in Japan
• U.S. believes invasion of Japan would take
hundreds of thousands of men
WWII
The Atomic Bomb
• Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima,
Japan, August 6, 1945
• Truman demands immediate surrender, Japan
refuses, second bomb falls on Nagasaki
three days later (over 220,000 combined deaths)
• Second bomb ends
war almost immediately
• Japan stops fighting August 14, 1945, V-J Day
(victory in Japan)
WWII
The War’s Impact
• More death, destruction in World War II
than in any other war
• 20 million soldiers killed, millions of
civilians also dead
Georgia & WWII
Airplanes
• Bell Aircraft’s Marietta factory builds B29 Superfortress bombers
-employs 28,000 at peak production;
over 6,000 women work there
 Factory in GA due to Roosevelt’s influence
to do something for his adopted home.
Georgia & WWII
Shipbuilding
• German U-boats sink many U.S. cargo
ships at start of war
• Savannah, Brunswick shipyards build 447foot-long Liberty Ships
• Many Georgia men and women leave
farms to work in shipyards
Georgia & WWII
Training Troops in Georgia
 Georgia and Texas have the most troop
training bases in U.S.
 Camp Gordon- infantry, tanks, & P.O.W.’s
 Camp Stewart- Anti-aircraft training
 Fort Benning-Airborne, officer training
 Georgia trains troops at multiple bases and
even uses colleges
Georgia & WWII
Carl Vinson- Georgia U.S. Congressman
wrote many bills that helped to build the
U.S. Navy into the strongest in the world.
Richard Russell- helped to bring war-time
opportunities to GA including over a dozen
military bases
Carl Vinson
Richard Russell