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Cells and Classification of Life
Reassessment Review
Directions
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• Take detailed notes.
• STUDY and quiz your self over the
information.
CELLS
Prokaryotic Cells – Single-celled organisms that
do not have membrane-bound internal structures;
no nucleus; simple cells with very little
organization of the materials inside.
EXAMPLE: bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells –cells that have organelles;
contain nucleus; cells with organized structures
EXAMPLES: Protists, Animals, Plants, and Fungi
Cell Parts
Cytoplasm – All cells contain
cytoplasm. It is a clear gel-like fluid
(liquid) which takes up most space inside
the cell, where many cell reactions and
where organelles are located
Cell membrane – All cells have a cell
membrane. It is the protective barrier of the
cell that holds it together. It lets good
material in and bad material out.
Nucleus – Only eukaryotic cells have a
nucleus. control center of cell; brain of cell;
usually located near center of cell; controls
cell activity; contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid).
Cell Wall – stiff outer barrier of a plant cell,
outside of the cell membrane, mostly made
up of cellulose, provides extra support and
gives it shape; surrounds cells of plants,
fungi, and bacteria
DOMAINS
The Three Domains of Life
The 3 Domains of Life
Domains are the first and the broadest
of classifications.
• One domain is Archea, which is composed of the organisms
in the Kingdom Archeabacteria.
• Bacteria is the second prokaryotic domain and is also
composed of single
kingdom Eubacteria.
• The third domain, Eukarya,
contains all four of the
eukaryotic kingdoms:
Animalia (animals),
Fungi (fungi), Plantae
(plants), and Protista (protists).
KINGDOMS
The 6 Kingdoms of Life
The Kingdoms of Life
• Biologists have further classified living things
into six groups called Kingdoms.
• Biologists group organisms into six Kingdoms
based on the following:
– Cell Type
• Organisms are either prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
– Cell Number
• Organisms are either unicellular or multicellular.
– Nutrition
• Organisms are either autotrophs or heterotrophs.
Kingdom – a system used to classify and
organize different organisms found on Earth
into groups
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Archeabacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
• Contains all of Domain
Archae.
• Archaebacteria are
prokaryotes that live in
very harsh conditions.
Kingdom Eubacteria
• Contains all of Domain Bacteria.
• Bacteria are prokaryotes and have no
internal nucleus.
• Bacteria are found in
practically every
environment on Earth.
• Single or multi-celled organisms
• Reproduce by spores
• Heterotrophs that eat dead or living organisms decomposer
• Yeasts, molds, mushrooms
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•
•
•
•
•
multi-cellular organisms
surrounded by a cell wall
make their own food (photosynthesis)
Eukaryotes
Mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants
Flowering plants produce seeds in flowers; conifers
make seeds in cones; mosses and ferns reproduce by
spores
• multi-cellular organisms
• eukaryotes
• get energy from other organisms (omnivores)
• mostly single-celled organisms
• eukaryotes
• Some feed on other organisms; ex. Amoeba and
paramecium (heterotroph)
• Some make their own food (photosynthesis); ex.
Euglena and algae (autotroph)
What is Ecology?
The study of
Organisms
and Their
Environment
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The Nonliving Environment
• Abiotic factors- the
nonliving parts of an
organism’s environment.
• Examples include air
currents, temperature,
moisture, light, and soil.
• Abiotic factors affect an
organism’s life.
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The Living Environment
• Biotic factors- all the
living organisms that
inhabit an environment.
• All organisms depend on
others directly or
indirectly for food,
shelter, reproduction, or
protection.
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Abiotic or Biotic?
Biotic
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Abiotic or Biotic?
Abiotic
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Abiotic or Biotic?
Abiotic
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Abiotic or Biotic?
Biotic
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Levels of
Organization
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Levels of Organization
• Ecologists have organized the
interactions an organism takes part
in into different levels according to
complexity.
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1st Level of Organization
• Organism:
An individual
living thing that is
made of cells,
uses energy,
reproduces,
responds, grows,
and develops
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2nd Level of Organization
• Population:
A group of
organisms, all
of the same
species, which
interbreed and
live in the same
place at the
same time.
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3rd Level of Organization
• Community:
All the
populations of
different
species that live
in the same
place at the
same time.
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4th Level of Organization
• Ecosystem:
Populations of plants
and animals that
interact with each
other in a given area
with the abiotic
components of that
area. (terrestrial
or aquatic)
copyright cmassengale
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5th Level of Organization
• Biosphere:
The portion
of Earth
that
supports
life.
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The Biosphere
• Life is found in air, on land,
and in fresh and salt water.
• The BIOSPHERE is the
portion of Earth that
supports living things.
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What level of organization?
Organism
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What level of Organization?
Ecosystem
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What level of Organization?
Population
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