Transcript CELL THEORY GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS of all CELLS

CELL THEORY
GENERAL
CHARACTERISTICS
of all
CELLS
CELL
• BASIC UNIT OF STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION IN ORGANISMS
• SMALLEST UNIT THAT CAN CARRY ON
ALL LIFE PROCESSES
• TWO TYPES: PROKARYOTIC
EUKARYOTIC
CELL HISTORY
ROBERT HOOKE: 1665
Examined cork tissue saw small open
spaces that resembled small rooms,
called them “CELLS”
ANTON VON LEEUWENHOEK
• 1670 FIRST MICROSCOPE
Observed first living cells in water
he called “wee beasties”. They
later became the Protists.
SCHLEIDEN
SCHWANN
1838: Botanist 1834: Zoologist
Hypothesized all Hypothesized all
plant tissue
animal tissue
made of cells
made of cells
RUDOLF VIRCHOW, 1855
"omnis cellula e cellula”
DOCTOR STUDIED BACTERIA CELLS DIVIDING AND
HYPOTHESIZED THAT ALL “CELLS COME FROM
OTHER CELLS”
BECAME KNOWN AS BIOGENESIS, REPLACED THE
WIDELY HELD IDEA OF SPONTANEOUS
GENERATION, NOTION THAT NON-LIVING THINGS
COULD GIVE RISE TO LIVING ORGANISMS
CELL THEORY
General Tenants
• ALL LIVING ORGANISMS ARE
COMPOSED OF 1 OR MORE CELLS
• CELLS ARE BASIC UNIT OF
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN LIVING
SYSTEMS
• ALL CELLS COME FROM PREEXISTING
CELLS
Modern Tenants of Cell Theory
• All cells contain hereditary information
which is passed from cell to cell during
cell division.
• All cells are basically the same chemical
composition.(PROTEINS, LIPIDS, CARBOHYDRATES, NUCLEIC ACIDS)
• All energy flow(metabolism/biochemistry)
of life occurs within the cell.
CELL DIVERSITY
ORGANIZATION
UNICELLULAR
ONE
CELL
OR
COLONIAL
PROTISTS
BACTERIA
YEAST
MULTICELLULAR
MANY
CELLS
TISSUES
ORGANS
SYSTEMS
MOST FUNGI
ALL ANIMALS AND PLANTS
CELL TYPE
PROKARYOTIC
EUKARYOTIC
ELEMENTS
NO NUCLEUS
NUCLEUS
NO MEMBRANE BOUND
ORGANELLES
MEMBRANE BOUND
ORGANELLES
BINARY FISSION
MITOSIS
BACTERIA ONLY
ALL OTHER ORGANISMS
ENERGY
AUTOTROPHIC
HETEROTROPHIC
CAN CONVERT ENERGY FROM
SUN OR CHEMICALS INTO
A FORM OTHER
ORGANISMS CAN USE
MUST OBTAIN ENERGY FROM
AUTOTROPHS OR OTHER
HETEROTROPHS
PRODUCERS
SAPROPHYTES
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
ABSORB NUTRIENT FROM
DECAYING ORGANIC MATTER
PLANTS
PROTISTS
BACTERIA
FUNGI
CHEMOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA
CONSUMERS
HERBIVORES
OMNIVORES
CARNIVORES
CELL STRUCTURE
FORM FITS FUNCTION
The shape of a cell is directly
related to the job that it performs.
BONE
OSTEON
STRENGTH, SUPPORT, INFLEXIBLE,
CELLS ARE LAYERED LIKE RINGS ON
TREE. LONG CYLINDARS FOR
SUPPORT
MUSCLE
SKELETAL
FLEXIBLE, ELASTIC, ALLOW MOVEMENT
CELLS CLUSTERED INTO CORD-LIKE
BUNDLES
NERVE
NEURONS
CELLS ARE LONGEST IN BODY, HAVE
STRUCTURES TO RECEIVE AND
TRANSMIT INFORMATION
SKIN
EPITHELIAL CELLS
BARRIER, PROTECTION
CELLS ARE SPHERICAL TIGHTLY
PACKED INTO TISSUE LAYERS
CELL SIZE
SMALLEST CELLS
BACTERIA
LARGEST CELLS
OSTRICH EGGS
THE SIZE OF A CELL IS RELATED
TO ITS ABILITY TO MOVE
MATERIALS EFFICIENTLY
• SMALLER THE CELL THE FASTER
MATERIALS CAN ENTER AND LEAVE
• AS CELLS GROW VOLUME INCREASES
FASTER THAN SURFACE AREA
• LARGE CELLS CANNOT MOVE
MATERIALS EFFECTIVELY
• MOST EFFICIENT CELLS ARE
MICROSCOPIC
http://www.johnkyrk.com/diffusion.html