Transcript PowerPoint Presentation - Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence
Andrea Danyluk
For FPS
2/2/04
Today we’ll discus:
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Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
A brief history of AI
Cool current projects in AI
What’s involved in
Intelligence?
• Ability to interact with the world (speech,
vision, motion, manipulation)
• Ability to model the world and to reason
about it
• Ability to learn and to adapt
Goals in AI
• To build systems that exhibit intelligent
behavior
• To understand intelligence in order to model
it
Modeling people?
• Sometimes
• But sometimes we want AI systems to be
better and smarter than we are
A Brief History of AI
• 1943: McCulloch and Pitts propose a model
of artificial neurons
• 1956 Minsky and Edmonds build first
neural network computer, the SNARC
The Dartmouth Conference
(1956)
• John McCarthy organizes a two-month
workshop for researchers interested in
neural networks and the study of
intelligence
• Agreement to adopt a new name for this
field of study: Artificial Intelligence
1952-1969 Enthusiasm:
• Arthur Samuel’s checkers player
• Shakey the robot
• Lots of work on neural networks
1966-1974 Reality:
• AI problems appear to be too big and
complex
• Computers are very slow, very expensive,
and have very little memory (compared to
today)
1969-1979 Knowledge-based
systems:
• Birth of expert systems
• Idea is to give AI systems lots of
information to start with
1980-1988 AI in industry:
• R1 becomes first successful commercial
expert system
• Some interesting phone company systems
for diagnosing failures of telephone service
1990s to the present:
• Increases in computational power
(computers are cheaper, faster, and have
tons more memory than they used to)
• An example of the coolness of speed:
Computer Chess
Computer Chess
• 2/96: Kasparov vs Deep Blue
– Kasparov victorious: 3 wins, 2 draws, 1 loss
• 3/97: Kasparov vs Deeper Blue
– First match won against world champion
– 512 processors: 200 million chess positions per
second
How do you think it works???
Cool things AI is doing now
Robotics
Mars rover
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html
Humanoid robots
http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-roboticsgroup/
Entertainment robots
http://www.us.aibo.com/
Vacuum cleaner robots: “Roomba”
Machine Learning
• Looking for patterns in vast amounts of data
that is just too big for humans to analyze
• [c4.5 demos]
Lanuage Systems
Automatic translation
http://world.altavista.com/
You type, it types back
http://www.mrmind.com/mrmind3
Speech Systems
Movie ticket reservations by phone
1-800-Fandango
You talk, it types
IBM’s ViaVoice
Vision Systems
Face recognition and enhancement
http://www.ri.cmu.edu/labs/lab_51.html
Automated driving - No Hands across
America
Visual tracking systems
http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/CAVE/research/de
mos/.index.html
More Information
http://www.aaai.org/Pathfinder/html/show.ht
ml