Transcript Cells
Cells The cell Theory is a fundamental concept in biology. It states 3 things: 1. All living things are made of cells 2. The cell is the basic unit of life 3. Cells come from other cells EVERY ORGANISM IS COMPOSED OF ONE OF TWO STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLS: PROKARYOTIC OR EUKARYOTIC. Prokaryotic Similarities • Small • Contain genetic • Does not include a material membrane bound • Can be single nucleus, but does celled organisms contain a nucleoid • Contain a region cell/plasma • Does not have membrane, membrane bound ribosomes, and organelles cytoplasm • Contains circular DNA Eukaryotic • Large • Contains a nucleus • Contains membrane bound organelles • Contain X shaped chromosomes • Can be multicellular organisms Bacterial Cells are prokaryotic. We will begin discussing types of cells by talking about bacterial cells. Structure Function Pili Attachment structures on the surface of bacteria Nucleoid Region where the cells’ DNA is located, not in a membrane Ribosome Plasma membrane Cell Wall Makes proteins Membrane enclosing the cytoplasm, Controls movement in and out of the cell Rigid structure outside the plasma membrane Jelly-like outer coating of many bacteria Capsule Locomotion organelles of some bacteria Flagella Cytoplasm Gel-like substance in the cell containing internal cell structures. There are two types of Eukaryotic Cells Animal Cells Plant Cells All animals are made up of cells Animal cells contain the following structures: • • • • • Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum Flagellum/Cilia Centrosome Cytoskeleton • • • • • • Lysosome Mitochondrion Plasma Membrane Golgi apparatus Ribosomes Vesicles We are only going to focus on a few… Nucleus Contains most of the DNA within a cell. Consists of the nucleolus and the nuclear envelope Nucleolus: Non-membranous organelle involved in the production of ribosomes Nuclear Envelope: Double envelope enclosing the nucleus, contains many pores Endoplasmic Network of membranous sacs or tubes; Reticulum active in membrane in synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes. Rough ER: Protein synthesis and membrane production Smooth ER: Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids Cilia Cell locomotion Mitochondrion Where cellular respiration occurs, “cell powerhouse” Plasma Membrane enclosing the cell Membrane Golgi Apparatus Active in synthesis, sorting and secretion of cell products Ribosomes Make proteins Some features are unique to animal cells Structure Function Digestive organelle that breaks down large molecules Centrioles Involved in cell division All plants are made up of cells Plant cells contain the following structures: • • • • • • Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum Centrosome Cytoskeleton Cell Wall Chloroplast • • • • • • Central Vacuole Mitochondrion Plasma Membrane Golgi apparatus Ribosomes Vesicles Unique organelles to plant cells Central Vacuole A prominent organelle in older plant cells; functions include storage and breakdown of waste products Chloroplast A photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules Cell Wall An outer layer that maintains a cell’s shape and protects cells from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein Follow the link below to learn more about organelles https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=4DWaA IVlW3k&feature=relat ed