Transcript Cell Cycle - Parkway C-2

Cell Reproduction
• Cells are constantly being replaced
• Chromosomes discovery, dark stained
structures composed of DNA and proteins.
• The structure of the Eukaryotic
chromosome. Chromatin is DNA wrapped
around proteins called histones.
Viral Reproduction
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Virus composition
Bacteriophage
Original Bioengineers
Nuclear material-DNA,RNA
Protein Coat-disguise
Asexual reproduction
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Binary fission
Spore formation
Budding
Regeneration
Vegetative Propagation
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Tubers
Stolons
Rhizomes
Bulbs
corms
Cell Cycle
• Sequence of growth and division of a cell.
Interphase is the cells growth period where
it spends most of its life
• G1 cell growth and protein production is
high
• S the chromosomes are replicated
• G2 organelles that needed for cell
reproduction gear up.
Cell Cycle
• G-1-cell grows, cell doubles in size, enzymes are
produced in organelles, mitochondria, chloroplast
duplicate.
• S-chromosomes replicate
• G-2-preparation for mitosis
• Mitosis
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Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cell Cycle
G1
S
Cytokinesis
Mitosis
G2
G1,S,G2 are all
Interphase
Phases of Mitosis
• Size may be a trigger for beginning mitosis
• Prophase-chromosomes look hairy, chromosomes
shorten and are called chromatids, nuclear
membrane disappears
• Metaphase chromatids line up in the center of the
cell.
• Anaphase chromatids race off to the poles of the
cell
• Telophase the furrow or plate separates the cell.
• Cytokinesis-cytoplasm splitting
http://www.johnkyrk.com/CellIndex.html
http://cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/mitosis.html
Cell Cycle Website
• http://www.slideshare.net/catherinepatterso
n/the-cell-cycle-presentation683955?src=related_normal&rel=713314
Control of the Cell Cycle
• Enzymes normally control the cell cycle
• Cancer are cells that reproduce out of control
– Factors might include environmental, changes in
enzyme production
• Problems that could possibly occur
– Failure to produce enzymes
– Overproduction of enzymes
– Other enzyme production at the wrong time
Cell Limitations
• Cell size is limited 2 microns-several meters, so to
2-200 micrometers
• Diffusion limits cell size, normally fast and
efficient, but with distance the speed and
efficiency decreases rapidly
• DNA limits cell size heredity, information stored
in the nucleus, protein information. Size of cell
quickly determines how quickly proteins need to
be released.
• Surface area to volume ratio-if size double the
volume increases 4X.
• Cancers are cells that are growing out of control.
• Genes are segment of DNA that control
production of certain specific proteins(enzymes).
Cancers
• Cancers are cells that are growing out of control.
• Tumor is a large mass of cells (cancerous) that are
depriving other cells of nutrients and blood.
• Metastasis is new tumor forming that disrupts the
functioning of that organ.
– Causes
• Environmental, habitat, smoke, dust, water pollution, air
pollution, UV light, prolonged exposure to certain compounds
or minerals
• Genetic
• Viral infection, that damage genes
Cancer Prevention
• Healthy Lifestyle
– Diet rich in fiber, low in fats (vitamins,
minerals)
– Exercise-Roman empire
C Words
CancerCentriolesCentromereCentrosomes.
ChromatidsChromatinChromosomes-
Cytokinesis-
C Words
• Cancer uncontrolled cell division, cells reproducing out
of control
• Centrioles are microtubules in animal cells that duplicate
to form a spindle
• Centromere material that binds two sister chromatids
together
• Centrosomes-Are both of the centrioles together.
• Chromatids-duplicate copies of chromosomes
• Chromatin-strands of DNA and proteins
• Chromosomes-strands of DNA and proteins that carry an
organisms genetic information.
• Cytokinesis is the splitting of the cytoplasm