Transcript Ch. 10 Flip Book

Ch. 10 Mitosis
The Cell Growth & Division
Page 1:
 Limits to Cell Growth- 2 main
reasons cells divide rather than continuing to
grow indefinitely:
–More Demands on DNA When cell increases in size it does not
make extra copies of DNA
 If cell grew without limits “information
crisis” would occur.
Page 1 continue
–Exchanging MaterialsFood, oxygen, & water have to enter
the cell through the cell membrane
Waste products have to leave
The rate at which this exchange
takes place depends on the surface
area of the cell (total area of the cell
membrane)
Page 2

Ratio of Surface Area to Volume
– Volume increases more rapidly than the surface area
– Therefore, ratio of surface area to volume decreases
This decrease causes serious problems for the cell
– If too large becomes to difficult to get enough oxygen
and nutrients in and wastes out
This is why cells do not grow much bigger even if the
organism of which they are a part of does.
Quick Lab (p. 242) Analyze & conclude 1-2
Page 3

Define from the chapter:
1.
Cell Division
Mitosis
Chromosome
Chromatid
Draw a picture of chromosome &
Chromatid
2.
3.
4.

Page 4

Define from the chapter:
5. Centromere
6. Cell cycle
7. Spindle fibers
8. Centrioles
 Draw a picture of Centrioles & Spindle
fibers
Page 5

Cell Growth

Describe:
 G1- period of activity in which cells do
most of their growing. Cells increase in
size and synthesize new proteins and
organelles
 S- Chromosomes are replicated and
synthesis of DNA molecules takes place
 G2- Many organelles and molecules
required for cell divisions are produced
 M phase- Mitosis
Add Color!
Page 6

Draw, label, & describe the phases of:
Interphase
 Prophase

Add Color!
Page 7

Draw, label, & describe the phases of:
Metaphase
 Anaphase

Add Color!
Page 8

Draw, label, & describe the phases of:
–Telophase
–Cytokinesis- for both plant & animal
Add Color!
Page 9
Regulating the Cell Cycle:
Cell cycle regulators–
early 1980’s biologists found a protein that
increased & decreased the time with the cell
cycle
– They called it cyclin because it seemed to
regulate the timing of the cell cycle
– Since, they have discovered a whole family of
cyclin proteins
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Two types of Regulator Proteins
1. Internal Regulators- proteins that respond to
events inside the cell
–
–
2.
Allows cell cycle to proceed only when certain
processes have occurred inside the cell
Ex: doesn’t let the cell enter mitosis until all
chromosomes have been replicated
External Regulators- Proteins respond to events
outside the cell
–
–
Direct cells to speed up or slow down cell
Ex: Growth factors- stimulate growth & cycle division of
cells. Important in embryonic cells & wound healing
Page 10
Uncontrolled Cell Growth
Cancer- disorder in which some of the
body’s own cells lose the ability to control
growth.
Cancer cells do not respond to the signals
that regulate the growth of most cells,
they divide uncontrollably & form masses
of cells called tumors that can damage
surrounding tissue.
Page 10 Continued
Two types of tumors:
1. Benign- does not spread to surrounding
tissue (non cancerous)
2. Malignant- Spreads & destroys healthy
tissue (cancerous)
Causes:
1. Biological Agent- viruses
2. Chemical Agent- carcinogens- tobacco
3. Physical Agent- radiation
Page 10 Continued
Treatments:
1. Surgery
2. Radiation
3. Chemotherapy
Write a paragraph of your Opinion on Stem
Cell Research (p. 253)