Transcript 3 Bio Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function (Ch 7.2)

Ch 7.2: Cell Organelles
Biology I
Wilson
Objectives
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Identify the different organelles
inside cells
Describe the structure and function
of organelles
Distinguish between plant and
animals cells
Eukaryotic Cells
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Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Protist
Fungi
Animal Cell Organelles
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Nucleus
Ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Centrioles
Plant Cell Organelles
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Nucleus
Ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Vacuoles/Central Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
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Type of Cells: Eukaryote
Plants
 Animals
 Fungi
 Protists
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Pronunciation: Nu-Klee-us
Nucleus: Organelle Function
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Contains DNA, the information that
controls the cell
Controls Cell Processes
The Boss of a company
Nucleus: Organelle Function
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up of
Nuclear Envelope: surrounds
nucleus
 Nuclear Pore: openings in
envelope
 Chromatin: DNA bound to
proteins
 Nucleolus: Assembly of
Ribosomes
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Nucleus Drawing
Ribosome
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Type of Cells: Prokaryote and
Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: Ry-bo-zoem
Ribosome: Organelle Function
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Small particles of RNA
and Proteins
Found:
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Free within the cytoplasm
Attached to Rough ER
Protein Synthesis Produce (make) proteins
Making of the item to be
shipped
Ribosome Drawing
Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)
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Type of Cell: Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: En-doh-PLAZ-mikrih-TIK-yuh-lum
Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth):
Organelle Function
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Folding layers of
membranes
Packaging Center for
Transports materials
(proteins or other items)
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Where lipid bilayers are
added to the materials that
need to be transported
Detoxification of drugs
Liver contains a large sum
of Smooth ER
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Drawing
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)
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Types of Cells: Eukaryotes
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Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi
Pronunciation: En-doh-PLAZ-mikrih-TIK-yuh-lum
Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough):
Organelle Function
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Folding layers of
membranes
E.R. with attached
Ribosomes
Same functions as
Smooth E.R. adding a
lipid bilayer
In addition has
ribosomes attached
making proteins
Packages the proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough):
Organelle Function
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Like putting the
item to be shipped
in a box (box is
the packaging)
Sends packaged
proteins to other
parts of the cell
(conveyer belt)
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Found Right Next to
the Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Drawing
Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body)
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Type of Cell: Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: Goal-gee App-ahrat-us
Golgi Apparatus: Organelle Function
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Also called Golgi Body
Takes in the proteins that
were packaged by the ER
Finalizes the packaging of
the vesicle (like adding
tape to seal the box)
Modifies and sorts the
proteins (puts package in
trucks to be shipped)
Lysosome
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Types of Cells: Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: LY-suh-sohmz
Lysosome: Organelle Function
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Small round membrane
surrounded organelles filled
with enzymes
Found anywhere in the
cytoplasm
Digests or breaks down
macromolecules so they can
be used by the rest of the cell
Eat worn out organelles
Remove “junk”
Cleanup Crew
Lysosome Drawing
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Sometimes they are called suicide bags because
they encase the worn out part that is to be digested.
Tay-Sachs disease can be traced if lysosomes don’t
function properly
Mitochondria
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Type of Cells: Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: Myt-oh-KAHN-dreeuh
Mitochondria: Organelle Function
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Enclosed by two
membranes
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Outer membrane
Inner membrane is
folded up inside the
organelle
Power House of the
Cell (makes ATP)
Mitochondria: Organelle Function
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Convert chemical energy to useful compounds
(converts food)
Glucose + O2  H2O + CO2 + Energy (ATP)
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Source of Energy (Power
Company)
Inherited from the cytoplasm
of the ovum (egg)…Your Mom
Mitochondria Movie
Cell Membrane
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Type Cells:
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Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Cell Membrane
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Bilipid layer (2 layers of
phospholipids)
Also has proteins,
cholesterol, carbohydrates
Regulates the passage of
molecules into and out of
the cell
Analogy – Fence and/or
gate
Cytoskeleton:
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Types of Cells: Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: Site-oh-skell-iton
Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments
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Threadlike
Tough, flexible framework
that supports cell
Helps cells move
Cytoskeleton: Microtubules
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Types of Cells: Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: Mik-roe-toob-you-els
Cytoskeleton: Microtubules
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Hollow
Maintains cell’s shape (foundation
and framework)
Microtubule Drawing
Cytoskeleton
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Types of Cells: Eukaryotes – Animal
Cells Only
Pronunciation: Scent-tree-ohls
Cytoskeleton: Centrioles
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Hollow
Support structure
Used in cell division
Central Vacuole
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Types of cells: Eukaroytes – Plants
and some Protists
Pronunciation: VAK-yoo-ohlz
Animal Cells
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Animal Cells
Central Vacuole: Organelle Function
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Saclike structure
Stores materials such as water,
salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
Cells Storage Facility
Other Vacuoles
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Found in Eukaryotes
Storage Units
Pumps water out of cell to maintain
homeostasis
Chloroplast
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Types of cells: Eukaryotes – Plants
and Protists
Pronunciation: Klohr-oh-plast
Chloroplast: Organelle Function
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Captures light energy
and converts it to
chemical energy
Solar Powers the
Plant
Drives Photosynthesis
Reaction is Catalyzed
by Light
Cell Wall
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Type of Cell
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Eukaryotes – Plants and Protists
Prokaryotes
Cell Wall
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Made of cellulose
(carbohydrate starch)
Provides
protection
Prevents cell from
exploding when
filled with water
Plant Cells
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Plant Cells