Transcript Ch. 2-Cells Lecture #1

Cell Structure
2.1
Human Factory Demo
• Ask for volunteers to
assemble a cheap and easy snack
(each person has a different
job). Each student gets one
snack.
• Relate the process to the cell
having different parts with
different jobs that keep us alive
(Save for 2nd day of lecture #1)
Just like on a sports team or in an
office, cells are composed of
many important
people/organelles that each
fulfill a different role!!!
I give you “The Cell Song”…
I. Cellular Boundaries
A. Cell Wall
1. Rigid barrier that
provides support and
protection
2. Outside the plasma
membrane
3. Found mostly in plants
(and some bacteria)
I. Cellular Boundaries
B. Cell Membrane
1. The protective membrane
between the cell and its
environment.
2. Regulates what comes in and
out of the cell (maintains
homeostasis)
a. food comes in
b. waste goes out
II. Cell Control
A. Nucleus
1. Control center
a. Gives instructions
(DNA) on how to make
proteins
b. Different proteins
cause the cell to do
different jobs.
II. Cell Control
B. Nucleolus
1. Makes ribosomes
C. Ribosomes
1. Leaves nucleus to make
proteins in the cytoplasm
II. Cell Control
D. Cytoplasm
1. Clear, gelatinous fluid
that contains all of the
organelles except the
nucleus
Let’s continue to follow the
trail of the protein!!
III. Assembly, Transport & Storage
A. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
1. Rough ER—Ribosomes
drop the proteins here
2. Smooth ER—The proteins
undergo chemical reactions
III. Assembly, Transport & Storage
3. The ER is a highly folded
membrane
a. Allows for a lot of
work to be done in a
small amount of
space
III. Assembly, Transport & Storage
B. Golgi Apparatus
1. Sorts proteins into packages
vesicles
2. Sends vesicles to the
appropriate destination in the
cell
3. A.K.A. The Post Office
4. Looks like a flattened stack
III. Assembly, Transport & Storage
C. Vacuoles
1. Temporary storage of
materials in the cell
a. food
b. enzymes
c. water
d. waste products
III. Assembly, Transport & Storage
2. Animal cells usually do
NOT have vacuoles. If so,
they are very small.
3. Plant cells usually have one
large vacuole.
III. Assembly, Transport & Storage
D. Lysosomes
1. Digest worn out cell parts,
food particles, viruses, etc.
2. Lysosomes contain enzymes
a. The membrane around
the lysosome protects the
rest of the cell from being
digested.
Where does a cell get the
energy to make these
proteins???
Stay tuned to find out…
IV. Energy Transformers
A. Chloroplasts
1. Capture sunlight and
convert it to chemical energy
(food)
2. Found mostly in plant cells
IV. Energy Transformers
b. Chloroplasts store the
pigment chlorophyll
1) Traps the sunlight
needed for photosynthesis
2) Chlorophyll makes the
plant green
IV. Energy Transformers
B. Mitochodria
1. Breaks down the sugars made
during photosynthesis into a
form of energy that the cell can
use (ATP)
2. Folded membranes allow for a
lot of work to be done in a small
space
a. Looks like kidney bean
with accordion folds.
We know cells are the basic
unit of organization…
What are more complex types
of organization?
V. Organization
A. Tissues- Similar cells that
work together to do a job
1. Muscle tissue
2. Brain tissue
3. Etc
V. Organization
B. Organ- A structure made up
of 2 or more tissues that
work together to do a job
1. Ex: Your heart is made of
a. muscle tissue
b. nerve tissue
c. blood tissue
V. Organization
C. Organ System- A group or
organs working together
1. Ex: Heart, lungs and blood
vessels make up the cardio
vascular system.
D. Know this:
Cell-> Tissues-> Organs->
Organ Systems-> Organism
Recap
-What organelles make up the
cell’s boundaries?
-What organelle controls the
functions of the cell? How?
-What organelles are
associated with transport of
proteins in the cell?
Recap
-What organelles are
associated with storage?
-What organelle makes energy?
-What organelle breaks down
sugar to release energy?
-What are some differences
between plant and animal
cells?